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Counter-Reformation
The Counter-Reformation (also known as the Catholic Reformation, 1545 to c. 1700) was the Catholic Church's response to the Protestant Reformation (1517-1648). It is usually dated from the Council of Trent in 1545 to the end of the Great...
Definition
Cheyenne
The Cheyenne are a North American Native nation, originally from the Great Lakes region, who migrated to modern-day Minnesota and then to areas in North Dakota and further southwest. They are associated with the Plains Indians culture and...
Definition
Amphictyonic League
The Amphictyonic League was an early form of religious council in ancient Greece. It was typically composed of delegates from several tribes or ethnes living in the vicinity of a major, prosperous sanctuary, who then collaborated in supervising...
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Map of the First Bulgarian Empire under Simeon the Great
The First Bulgarian Empire under Simeon I the Great (893–927 CE) was the most powerful phase of medieval Bulgaria, shaped by the ruler’s ambition to claim imperial authority rivaling Byzantium. A union of Bulgars and Slavs that had adopted...
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The First Industrial Revolution, c. 1760 - 1840
The First Industrial Revolution refers to the profound economic and technological transformation that reshaped parts of Europe and North America between c. 1760 and 1840, first and most intensively in Britain under monarchs such as George...
Definition
Mesopotamia - The Beginning of Beginnings
Mesopotamia (from the Greek, meaning "between two rivers") was an ancient region located in the Near East (Middle East) bounded in the northeast by the Zagros Mountains and in the southeast by the Arabian Plateau, corresponding to modern-day...
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The First Telegraph Machine
The first telegraph machine, invented in 1837 by William Fothergill Cook (1806-79) and Charles Wheatstone (1802-1875). The machine had only 20 letters, indicated in the message sent by the slight movement of two needles (from the machine’s...
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First Class Dining Room of the Lusitania
A photograph of the First Class (Saloon) dining room of the Cunard liner RMS Lusitania. The ship sailed on its maiden voyage in September 1907 and crossed the Atlantic over 200 times. The liner was infamously sunk by a German U-boat on 7...
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First Page of the Gospel of John from Tyndale's New Testament
The first page of the Gospel of John from the New Testament of William Tyndale (c. 1494-1536), published in 1526, the first English translation of the New Testament from the original languages.
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Representatives of the First Iranian Parliament
Representatives of the first Iranian Majlis (parliament) in front of the military academy, which served as the first parliament building, Tehran, 1906.
National Library and Archives of the Islamic Republic of Iran, World Digital Library.