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First Anglo-Sikh War
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First Anglo-Sikh War

The First Anglo-Sikh War (1845-6) was a short and bloody conflict won by the British East India Company (EIC) against the Sikh Empire. The EIC was keen to expand into northern India, but the Sikh army was a well-trained, well-equipped...
First Anglo-Afghan War
Definition

First Anglo-Afghan War

The First Anglo-Afghan War (1838-42) was fought between the British East India Company (EIC) and, the Emirate of Afghanistan, the ultimate victor. The British were keen to control Afghanistan as they feared Russian expansion...
First Fitna
Definition

First Fitna

The First Fitna (656-661 CE) was the first civil war of the Islamic Empire fought between the fourth Rashidun Caliph, Ali ibn Abi Talib (656-661 CE), and the governor of Syria, Muawiya (later Muawiya I; r. 661-680 CE). Deep fissures...
First Triumvirate
Definition

First Triumvirate

The First Triumvirate of ancient Rome was an uneasy alliance between the three titans Julius Caesar, Pompey, and Crassus which, from 60 BCE until 53 BCE, dominated the politics of the Roman Republic. Alliances have always been...
Coup of 18 Brumaire
Definition

Coup of 18 Brumaire

The Coup of 18 Brumaire (9-10 November 1799) was a bloodless coup d'état in France that overthrew the government of the French Directory and replaced it with the French Consulate. The coup brought Napoleon Bonaparte to power...
Hall of the Great Council, Doge's Palace, Venice
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Hall of the Great Council, Doge's Palace, Venice

Hall of the Great Council, Doge's Palace, Venice. The room is 53 meters long and 25 meters wide (173 x 82 ft) and can seat 2,000 people. On the back wall is one of the largest oil paintings on canvas...
11th-Century Depiction of a Biblical King and His Council
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11th-Century Depiction of a Biblical King and His Council

Anglo-Saxon depiction of a biblical king and his council - likely inspired by the councils/witans contemporary to the artist - Old English Illustrated Hexateuch, Cotton Claudius B IV, f 59. British...
The Council of 500 During the Coup of 18 Brumaire
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The Council of 500 During the Coup of 18 Brumaire

A depiction of the Coup of 18 Brumaire; the deputies of the Council of 500 rush to accost Napoleon Bonaparte, who is surrounded by his loyal grenadiers; his brother Lucien Bonaparte stands at the president's...
Seventh Ecumenical Council
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Seventh Ecumenical Council

An 11th century CE illustration of the Seventh Ecumenical Council which decreed the end of iconoclasm in the Byzantine Church, in September 787 CE. Emperor Constantine VI (r. 780-797 CE) is depicted sitting immediately...
First Battle of the Marne
Article

First Battle of the Marne - How Paris was Saved in World War I

The First Battle of the Marne, fought between 6 and 10 September 1914, was a major and successful Allied counterattack against the German invasion of French territory the previous August. Often...
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