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Urban II at the Council of Clermont
A 15th century CE illustration by Jean Colombe of the Council of Clermont of November 1095 CE where Pope Urban II (r. 1088-1099 CE) famously called for the First Crusade (1095-1102 CE). (National Library, Paris)
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Council of Chalcedon
An image showing the Council of Chalcedon painted by Vasily Surikov in 1876. Oil on Canvas. The Council of Chalcedon was called in 451 by the Roman Emperor Marcian to settle debates that had begun at two earlier meetings in...
Definition
First Dynasty of Egypt
The kings of the First Dynasty of Egypt (c. 3150 - c. 2890 BCE) all worked toward the same ends: increasing trade, expansion of the kingdom through military campaigns, engaging in building projects (such as monuments, tombs...
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First Battle of Bull Run (First Manassas), 21 July 1861
The First Battle of Bull Run/Battle of First Manassas, fought on July 21, 1861. Chromolithograph by Kurz & Allison, 1889. Property of the Library of Congress, USA.
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Council of Trent
Cardinal Ercole Gonzaga Presiding at the Council of Trent, painting by Elia Naurizio (1589-1657).
Diocesan Museum Francesco Gonzaga, Mantua.
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Fresco Depicting the Council of Trent
Council of Trent (1545-1563), fresco by Pasquale Cati, 1588.
Basilica of Santa Maria in Trastevere.
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Fresco Depicting the Council of Chalcedon
An image of the fresco depicting the Council of Chalcedon that was called in 451. Created by Dionisius (1444-1502) around 1520.
Ferapontov Monastery, Ferapontovo, Vologda Oblast, Russia.
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Ratification of the Canons of the Council of Trent
Pope Pius IV promulgates the bull Benedictus Deus, ratifying the Canons of the Council of Trent in 1564. Fresco by Pasquale Cati, 1588.
Altemps Chapel, Santa Maria in Trastevere, Rome.
Definition
First Punic War
The First Punic War (264-241 BCE) was fought between Carthage and Rome largely over control of Sicily. The war was fought on the island, at sea, and in north Africa. Both sides enjoyed victories and suffered near-catastrophic...
Definition
First Agricultural Revolution
The First Agricultural Revolution, beginning c. 12-20,000 years ago, was characterized by the emergence of different agricultural systems in different parts of the world, whose common trait was the use of native species...