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English Civil Wars
Definition by Mark Cartwright

English Civil Wars

The English Civil Wars (1642-1651) witnessed a bitter conflict between Royalists ('Cavaliers') and Parliamentarians ('Roundheads'). The Royalists supported first King Charles I of England (r. 1625-1649) and then his son Charles II, while...
Causes of the English Civil Wars
Article by Mark Cartwright

Causes of the English Civil Wars

The English Civil Wars (1642-1651) were caused by a monumental clash of ideas between King Charles I of England (r. 1625-1649) and his parliament. Arguments over the powers of the monarchy, finances, questions of religious practices and toleration...
Russian Civil War
Definition by Mark Cartwright

Russian Civil War - The Failed Fightback Against Bolshevism

The Russian Civil War (1917-22) began shortly after the Bolshevik Revolution of November 1917. The Bolsheviks (the Reds) immediately found themselves in conflict with various opposition forces who disagreed with Bolshevik policies like abolishing...
English Civil War Dragoon Helmet
Image by kim Traynor

English Civil War Dragoon Helmet

A dragoon helmet typical of the English Civil Wars (1642-51) period. From a Scottish Covenanter dragoon, such as would have fought at the Battle of Preston in 1648 during the Second English Civil War (Feb-Aug 1648). (Huntly House Museum...
Civil War Generals in the Mexican-American War
Article by Joshua J. Mark

Civil War Generals in the Mexican-American War - Friends Who Became Enemies

In 1846, graduates of West Point Military Academy were deployed to fight in the Mexican-American War (1846-1848). Less than 20 years later, many now wearing different uniforms, they would meet again as adversaries in the American Civil War...
Consequences of the English Civil Wars
Article by Mark Cartwright

Consequences of the English Civil Wars

The impact and consequences of the English Civil Wars (1642-1651) were many and far-reaching. Charles I of England (r. 1625-1649) was executed, and the monarchy was abolished. Oliver Cromwell (1599-1658) then headed the Republic as the Lord...
English Civil War Breastplate
Image by Rept0n1x

English Civil War Breastplate

An example of the breastplate armour typically worn by infantry and some cavalry in the early stages of the English Civil War (1642-51). (Ludlow Museum, Shropshire, England)
English Civil War Pikemen
Image by Laurence Ferrett

English Civil War Pikemen

A re-enactment of a charge by pikemen as was seen at such engagements as the 1648 Battle of Maidstone during the English Civil War (1642-51). The event was 'Military Odyssey' in Kent in 2011.
American Civil War
Definition by Joshua J. Mark

American Civil War - The Birthpangs of the United States

The American Civil War (1861-1865) was the pivotal event in United States history and the largest armed conflict in the Western world following the end of the Napoleonic Wars (1815) and prior to the beginning of the First World War (1914...
English Civil War Cavalry Helmet
Image by Metropolitan Museum of Art

English Civil War Cavalry Helmet

A cavalry helmet typical of those used during the English Civil Wars (1642-51). Often known as a "three-bar pot" for its shape and face protection bars. Made of steel with copper, gold, and silver inlay. (Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York...
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