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Trojan War
Definition by Mark Cartwright

Trojan War

The Trojan War was fought between Greeks and the defenders of the city of Troy in Anatolia sometime in the late Bronze Age. The story has grabbed the imagination for millennia but a conflict between Mycenaeans and Hittites may well have occurred...
Sir Thomas Fairfax
Definition by Mark Cartwright

Sir Thomas Fairfax

Sir Thomas Fairfax, 3rd Baron Fairfax of Cameron (1612-1671), was the first and highly successful commander of the Parliamentarian New Model Army during the English Civil Wars (1642-1651). Fairfax's leadership, tactical prowess, and courage...
War of the Fourth Coalition
Definition by Harrison W. Mark

War of the Fourth Coalition

The War of the Fourth Coalition (October 1806 to June 1807) was a major conflict during the Napoleonic Wars (1803-1815). The Fourth Coalition consisted of Russia, Prussia, Saxony, Sweden, and the United Kingdom, against the First French Empire...
First Anglo-Sikh War
Definition by Mark Cartwright

First Anglo-Sikh War

The First Anglo-Sikh War (1845-6) was a short and bloody conflict won by the British East India Company (EIC) against the Sikh Empire. The EIC was keen to expand into northern India, but the Sikh army was a well-trained, well-equipped, and...
War of Jenkins' Ear
Definition by Harrison W. Mark

War of Jenkins' Ear - How One Man's Ear Started a Colonial War Between Empires

The War of Jenkins' Ear (1739-1748) was a colonial conflict fought between Great Britain and Spain, primarily in the Caribbean and off the coast of South America. Looking to protect its interests in the West Indies, Britain provoked a war...
Mercenary War
Definition by Harrison W. Mark

Mercenary War - The Bloody Uprising Against Carthage

The Mercenary War, or Truceless War, was a brutal conflict fought between Carthage and its mutinous soldiers from 241 to 237 BCE, during a lull in the Punic Wars. When Carthage's mercenary soldiers were denied the payment that they had been...
Oliver Cromwell
Definition by Mark Cartwright

Oliver Cromwell

Oliver Cromwell (1599-1658) was an accomplished cavalry commander, then head of Parliament's New Model Army, and finally Lord Protector of England, Scotland, and Ireland. The latter title was awarded to Cromwell for life after the bloody...
Second Anglo-Sikh War
Definition by Mark Cartwright

Second Anglo-Sikh War

The Second Anglo-Sikh War (1848-9) once again saw the British East India Company defeat the Sikh Empire in northern India. The war, which started off as a rebellion against British colonial rule, included the high-casualty Battle of Chillianwala...
The Home Fronts in World War I
Article by Mark Cartwright

The Home Fronts in World War I - The Effects of Total War on Civilians

The First World War (1914-18) saw fighting on an unprecedented scale but also involved civilians as never before. For the first time, people hundreds of miles from the fighting front were vulnerable to air attacks. The war at sea dramatically...
How Germany Lost World War I
Article by Mark Cartwright

How Germany Lost World War I

Germany started the First World War (1914-18) with the belief its armed forces could win a quick and decisive victory over France and then Russia. The reality turned out to be much more complicated as more countries became involved in a global...
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