Clothing Through History

Fashion Across Three Millennia
Mark Cartwright
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published on
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In this collection of resources, we take a look at clothing and fashion through the centuries and see what men, women, and children wore across continents. From the lowest in society to those who could afford the very best, we see how important appearance has always been to indicate status in society, particular job roles, and general success in life. From ancient Egypt to 20th-century wartime fashion, these resources provide both a broad and deep investigation into the materials, colours, and silhouettes that appealed to different peoples in different times and places.

Clothing, as we shall see, has always been worn with the multiple objectives of ensuring that the wearer was not too cold or too hot and outwardly conformed to societal expectations. Yet, at the same time, personal choices in clothing and accessories, whether they be worn by an Etruscan at a dinner party or a medieval knight at a joust, permitted the wearer to show off their individuality and sense of style.

Unlike the Minoan and Mycenaean fashion, which seem, for women anyway, to have been far more complex, the simplicity of Classical Greek garments recommended them to other cultures in the Mediterranean region and were adopted by still others later on. Pleating techniques of the Greek himation, whereby the cloth was gathered, folded, and pressed to create straight lines down the back to accentuate height, were later used in Europe during the Renaissance for the capes and cloaks of the nobility.

Articles & Definitions

Fashion & Dress in Ancient Mesopotamia
Article

Fashion & Dress in Ancient Mesopotamia - From Basic to Accessorized in the Ancient World

Fashion and dress in Mesopotamia – clothing, footwear, and accessories...
Fashion & Dress in Ancient Egypt
Article

Fashion & Dress in Ancient Egypt

Fashion in ancient Egypt epitomized the concept of simplicity and ease in movement and remained relatively unchanged...
Beauty in the Bronze Age - Minoan & Mycenaean Fashion
Article

Beauty in the Bronze Age - Minoan & Mycenaean Fashion

Dress and appearance in Bronze Age Greece (c. 3100 BCE - c. 1100 BCE) played a part in defining...
Ancient Greek Clothing
Article

Ancient Greek Clothing

Ancient Greek clothing developed from the Minoan Civilization of Crete (2000-1450 BCE) through the Mycenean Civilization...
Etruscan Clothing
Article

Etruscan Clothing

The clothing of the ancient Etruscans, a civilization which flourished in central Italy between the 8th and 3rd century BCE...
The Roman Toga
Article

The Roman Toga

The toga was an item of clothing worn by men who were citizens of Rome. The toga consisted of a single length of wool cloth cut...
Viking Hygiene, Clothing, & Jewelry
Article

Viking Hygiene, Clothing, & Jewelry

Although the Vikings are routinely depicted as rough, grimy, and violent, they were actually quite refined, took...
Clothes in Medieval England
Article

Clothes in Medieval England

As in just about any other period of history, clothing in the Middle Ages was worn for necessity, comfort, and display...
Clothing in the Mongol Empire
Article

Clothing in the Mongol Empire

The clothing worn by the Mongols in the 13th and 14th century CE, like most other aspects of their culture, reflected...
Clothes in the Elizabethan Era
Article

Clothes in the Elizabethan Era

Clothes in the Elizabethan era (1558-1603 CE) became much more colourful, elaborate, and flamboyant than in previous...
Inca Textiles
Article

Inca Textiles

For the Incas finely worked and highly decorative textiles came to symbolize both wealth and status, fine cloth could be used as...
Pirate Clothing in the Golden Age of Piracy
Article

Pirate Clothing in the Golden Age of Piracy

Pirates have gained a reputation for wearing bright and distinctive clothing and accessories during the...
Interview: French Fashion during the German Occupation (1940-1944)
Article

Interview: French Fashion during the German Occupation (1940-1944)

In 2024, France was celebrating the 80th anniversary of the Liberation (1944), and as...
Clothing in the Victorian Era
Article

Clothing in the Victorian Era - Getting the Right Balance of Fabric, Figure, and Flashiness

Striking silhouettes, sumptuous fabrics, bright colours, frills galore...

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