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Belgian Congo
Definition

Belgian Congo - One of Africa's Most Notorious Colonies

Belgian Congo was a colony of Belgium from 1908 until 1960. Prior to that, the region had been the Congo Free State (created in 1885), which was effectively a private enterprise of King Leopold II...
Declaration of Pillnitz
Definition

Declaration of Pillnitz

The Declaration of Pillnitz was a joint statement issued on 27 August 1791 by Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor (r. 1790-1792) and King Frederick William II of Prussia (r. 1786-1797). The declaration appealed to all European...
Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor, As a Young Man
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Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor, As a Young Man

Portrait of Emperor Leopold I as a young man, wearing the Order of the Golden Fleece, oil on canvas by Benjamin Block, 1631-1689. Private collection. This portrait of the young monarch is rare as it depicts...
Cartoon of Leopold II Carving up the Congo Basin
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Cartoon of Leopold II Carving up the Congo Basin

An illustration by François Maréchal showing King Leopold II of Belgium (reign 1865-1909) carving up the Congo Basin, a reference to the Berlin Conference 1884-5 which set some of the ground rules for...
Portrait of Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor
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Portrait of Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor

Portrait of Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor (l. 1747-92), wearing a field marshal's uniform. Painted in the workshop of Jean-Marc Nattier, c. 1790.
Leopold, Maria Anna, & Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
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Leopold, Maria Anna, & Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart

A c. 1781 painting by Johann Nepomuk della Croce showing Leopold Mozart (1719-1787) and his two children, Maria Anna (nicknamed ‘Nannerl’, 1751-1829) and Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (1756-1791).
Johann Sebastian Bach
Definition

Johann Sebastian Bach

Johann Sebastian Bach (1685-1750) was a German organist and composer whose work is today regarded as amongst the finest of mature baroque music (c. 1600-1750). More famous as an organist than as a composer in his own lifetime...
Berlin Conference 1884-5
Definition

Berlin Conference 1884-5 - Establishing the Rules of the Scramble for Africa

The Berlin Conference, also known as the Berlin West Africa Conference, was held between November 1884 and February 1885. Imperial powers, notably Great Britain, France, Belgium...
Queen Victoria
Definition

Queen Victoria

Queen Victoria of Great Britain (r. 1837-1901) was one of the most loved of all Britain's monarchs. Her longevity, devotion to her role as figurehead of an empire, and recovery from the death of her beloved husband Prince Albert...
War of the Spanish Succession
Definition

War of the Spanish Succession - The Bloody Struggle for the Throne of Spain

The War of the Spanish Succession (1701-1714) was the first of several major wars fought between the great powers of Europe in the 18th century. Triggered by the death of the sickly...
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