Scotland (Ancient) Timeline

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12000 BCE
Paleolithic seasonal camp at Howburn Farm in Biggar, Scotland, visited regularly.
10500 BCE - 7000 BCE
Mesolithic settlements established (many seasonal) in Scotland.
6000 BCE
Bones and antlers used as tools, ring and cup marks on stones begin appearing in Scotland.
c. 3700 BCE - c. 2800 BCE
Neolithic farmstead the Knap of Howar inhabited on Papa Westray, Orkney.
c. 3500 BCE
The vast stone complex known as the Ness of Brodgar in use in Orkney.
c. 3300 BCE - 2600 BCE
Neolithic site of Barnhouse Settlement occupied.
c. 3300 BCE - 2600 BCE
The Barnhouse Settlement constructed and inhabited.
c. 3100 BCE
Neolithic village of Skara Brae inhabited.
c. 3100 BCE - c. 2500 BCE
Megalithic Period in which majority of standing stone sites were constructed.
3100 BCE
Neolithic Village of Skara Brae inhabited, stone walls built.
c. 3000 BCE
The Standing Stones of Stenness erected south of Ness of Brodgar.
3000 BCE
Tomb of the Eagles created in Scotland.
c. 3000 BCE - c. 2800 BCE
The Neolithic chambered cairn known as Maeshowe constructed and in use.
c. 3000 BCE - c. 2800 BCE
Maeshowe Passage Grave completed in Scotland.
2600 BCE
Structure Eight (so called) erected at Barnhouse Settlement after village abandoned.
2600 BCE
Barnhouse Settlement abandoned and partially destroyed by inhabitants.
2600 BCE
The building now known as Structure Eight raised in Barnhouse Settlement after village is abandoned.
c. 2500 BCE - c. 2000 BCE
Ring of Brodgar constructed on Orkney, north of Ness of Brodgar.
c. 2500 BCE
Migration of the so-called Beaker People to Scotland.
c. 2500 BCE
Village of Skara Brae is abandoned for unknown reasons.
c. 2500 BCE - c. 2000 BCE
The Balnuaran of Clava (Clava Cairns) is built.
c. 2000 BCE - c. 1400 BCE
Early Bronze Age in Scotland.
c. 1400 BCE - c. 900 BCE
Middle Bronze Age in Scotland.
c. 900 BCE - c. 400 BCE
Late Bronze Age in Scotland.
c. 900 BCE
Celtic Migration begins in Europe with many Celts landing in Scotland.
c. 700 BCE
Iron Age begins in Scotland.
c. 500 BCE
Homes and forts in Scotland reflect Celtic influence.
79 CE
Julius Agricola, Governor of Roman Britain, invades Scotland.
83 CE
Battle of Mons Graupius in Scotland.
83 CE
The Battle of Mons Graupius in which Agricola defeats Calgacus of the Picts.
208 CE
Roman Emperor Severus invades Scotland.
212 CE
Rome withdraws from region of Scotland.
c. 300 CE
Founding of the Kingdom of Dal Riada in Scotland.
367 CE
Picts, Scots, Saxons, and Franks attack the Roman Empire.
c. 397 CE
Saint Ninian brings Christianity to Scotland, rise of literacy and written history.
c. 500 CE
Kingdom of Dal Riada conquers the region of Scotland.
574 CE - 608 CE
Reign of King Aedan mac Gabrain of Dal Riada, height of kingdom's prosperity.
770 CE
Last recorded use of Clava Cairns site in antiquity.
c. 843 CE - 858 CE
Kenneth MacAlpin unites the Picts with the Scots to become the first king of Scotland.
1828 CE
First excavations begun at Clava Cairns.
1828 CE - c. 1990 CE
Ongoing excavations at Clava Cairns.
1850 CE
Storm uncovers the buried Neolithic village of Skara Brae
c. 1850 CE - 1913 CE
Excavations are ongoing at the Skara Brae site.
1850 CE
Buried Neolithic Age village of Skara Brae uncovered by storm.
1913 CE
Skara Brae site is plundered by unknown parties.
1924 CE
Skara Brae is placed under guardianship of H.M. Commissioners of Works.
1924 CE
A storm damages the exposed village of Skara Brae and destroys one house.
1927 CE
Professional excavation and preservation efforts begin at Skara Brae under V. G. Childe and J.W. Paterson.
1999 CE
Skara Brae declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO.