Scotland (Ancient) Timeline

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12000 BCE

Paleolithic seasonal camp at Howburn Farm in Biggar, Scotland, visited regularly.
10500 BCE - 7000 BCE

Mesolithic settlements established (many seasonal) in Scotland.
6000 BCE

Bones and antlers used as tools, ring and cup marks on stones begin appearing in Scotland.
c. 3700 BCE - c. 2800 BCE

Neolithic farmstead the Knap of Howar inhabited on Papa Westray, Orkney.
c. 3500 BCE

The vast stone complex known as the Ness of Brodgar in use in Orkney.
c. 3300 BCE - 2600 BCE

Neolithic site of Barnhouse Settlement occupied.
c. 3300 BCE - 2600 BCE

The Barnhouse Settlement constructed and inhabited.
c. 3100 BCE

Neolithic village of Skara Brae inhabited.
c. 3100 BCE - c. 2500 BCE

Megalithic Period in which majority of standing stone sites were constructed.
3100 BCE

Neolithic Village of Skara Brae inhabited, stone walls built.
c. 3000 BCE

The Standing Stones of Stenness erected south of Ness of Brodgar.
c. 3000 BCE - c. 2800 BCE

The Neolithic chambered cairn known as Maeshowe constructed and in use.
3000 BCE

Tomb of the Eagles created in Scotland.
c. 3000 BCE - c. 2800 BCE

Maeshowe Passage Grave completed in Scotland.
2600 BCE

Structure Eight (so called) erected at Barnhouse Settlement after village abandoned.
2600 BCE

Barnhouse Settlement abandoned and partially destroyed by inhabitants.
2600 BCE

The building now known as Structure Eight raised in Barnhouse Settlement after village is abandoned.
c. 2500 BCE - c. 2000 BCE

Ring of Brodgar constructed on Orkney, north of Ness of Brodgar.
c. 2500 BCE

Migration of the so-called Beaker People to Scotland.
c. 2500 BCE

Village of Skara Brae is abandoned for unknown reasons.
c. 2500 BCE - c. 2000 BCE

The Balnuaran of Clava (Clava Cairns) is built.
c. 2000 BCE - c. 1400 BCE

Early Bronze Age in Scotland.
c. 1400 BCE - c. 900 BCE

Middle Bronze Age in Scotland.
c. 900 BCE - c. 400 BCE

Late Bronze Age in Scotland.
c. 900 BCE

Celtic Migration begins in Europe with many Celts landing in Scotland.
c. 700 BCE

Iron Age begins in Scotland.
c. 500 BCE

Homes and forts in Scotland reflect Celtic influence.
79 CE

Julius Agricola, Governor of Roman Britain, invades Scotland.
83 CE

The Battle of Mons Graupius in which Agricola defeats Calgacus of the Picts.
83 CE

Battle of Mons Graupius in Scotland.
208 CE

Roman Emperor Severus invades Scotland.
212 CE

Rome withdraws from region of Scotland.
c. 300 CE

Founding of the Kingdom of Dal Riada in Scotland.
367 CE

Picts, Scots, Saxons, and Franks attack the Roman Empire.
c. 397 CE

Saint Ninian brings Christianity to Scotland, rise of literacy and written history.
c. 500 CE

Kingdom of Dal Riada conquers the region of Scotland.
574 CE - 608 CE

Reign of King Aedan mac Gabrain of Dal Riada, height of kingdom's prosperity.
770 CE

Last recorded use of Clava Cairns site in antiquity.
c. 843 CE - 858 CE

Kenneth MacAlpin unites the Picts with the Scots to become the first king of Scotland.
1828 CE

First excavations begun at Clava Cairns.
1828 CE - c. 1990 CE

Ongoing excavations at Clava Cairns.
1850 CE

Storm uncovers the buried Neolithic village of Skara Brae
c. 1850 CE - 1913 CE

Excavations are ongoing at the Skara Brae site.
1850 CE

Buried Neolithic Age village of Skara Brae uncovered by storm.
1913 CE

Skara Brae site is plundered by unknown parties.
1924 CE

Skara Brae is placed under guardianship of H.M. Commissioners of Works.
1924 CE

A storm damages the exposed village of Skara Brae and destroys one house.
1927 CE

Professional excavation and preservation efforts begin at Skara Brae under V. G. Childe and J.W. Paterson.
1999 CE

Skara Brae declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO.

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