Ottoman Empire Timeline

Reign of Osman I.

Prusa (Bursa) falls to Ottoman control shortly after Osman's death; it becomes the capital of the Ottoman Empire.

Reign of Orhan, as the second sovereign of the Ottoman Empire.

Adrianople (Edirne) falls to Prince Murad, the son of Orhan, later Murad I.

Murad I rules as the sovereign of the Ottoman Empire and brands himself as a sultan.

Murad I defeats a European coalition army led by the Serbians at the Battle of Kosovo but dies at the climax of battle.

Bayezid I rules as the Sultan of the Ottoman Empire.

The Battle of Nicopolis, aka the Nicopolis Crusade, where a western Christian army is defeated by the Ottoman Turks.

Bayezid I is defeated by the forces of Timur at the Battle of Ankara and is captured.

Ottoman Interregnum; Mehmed I emerges victorious.

Reign of Murad II.

Murad II resumes defeats Crusader forces at the Battle of Varna.

Mehmed II rules as the Sultan.

Ottoman Sultan Mehmed II sacks Constantinople.

Crimean Tatars serve as vassals to the Ottomans.

Reign of Bayezid II.

Selim I deposes his father Bayezid II.

Reign of Selim I; the Ottoman Empire doubles in size.

Battle of Chaldiron; Selim I defeats the army of the Safavid Shah Ismail I.

Selim I conquers the Mamluk Sultanate, taking Syria, Palestine, Hejaz and Egypt. Ottoman Sultanate declares itself as a Caliphate.

Reign of Suleiman the Magnificent.

Belgrade falls to the Ottomans.

Suleiman conquers Rhodes.

Battle of Mohacs; Suleiman I defeats the Hungarian field army under Louis II.

Ottomans fail to take Vienna.

Suleiman I dies while campaigning in Hungary.

Reign of Selim II.

Ottomans conquer Cyprus.

Battle of Lepanto; the Ottoman navy is defeated by the Holy League.

Celali revolts throughout Anatolia.

Crete falls to the Ottoman Sultanate.

Ottomans fail to take Vienna for the second time.

Treaty of Karlowitz.

Reign of Selim III.

Conservative Jannisary corps are disbanded.

Tanzimat reforms are introduced.

First Constitutional Era of the Ottoman Empire.

Reign of Abdul Hamid II.

Second Constitutional Era of the Ottoman Empire.

Abdul Hamid II is deposed by the Young Turks party.

Armenian population of Anatolia is subjected to genocide.

The Ottoman Empire is defeated in World War I.

Abdulmejid II serves the office of the Caliphate only, as a symbolic figure.

The Republic of Turkey declares independence under Mustafa Kemal.

Mustafa Kemal abolishes the institute of Caliphate.