Vladimir i: Did you mean...?

There were many causes behind the Russian Revolution of 1917, ranging from the unpopular authoritarian rule of Tsar Nicholas II (reign 1894-1917) to the radical mobilisation of the working class, who wanted better working conditions and more...

The New Economic Policy (NEP) of Vladimir Lenin (1870-1924), leader of Soviet Russia, was the introduction in 1921 of a limited form of capitalism in light industry and agriculture. Contrary to Marxist economic ideas, the NEP was viewed as...

Tsar Nicholas II (reign 1894-1917) was the last of the Romanov emperors, murdered along with his family during the turmoil of the Russian Revolution in 1917. Insisting on maintaining as far as possible the autocratic rule begun by his ancestors...

Grigori Rasputin (1869-1916) was a self-styled holy man and faith healer from Siberia who ingratiated himself with the family of Tsar Nicholas II (reign 1894-1917). Rasputin was particularly valued by the empress Alexandra Feodorovna (1872-1918...

The brutal murder of the entire Romanov family was the culmination of deep discontent across the Russian Empire with the persistently autocratic rule of Tsar Nicholas II (reign 1894-1917). Following the disaster of the First World War (1914-18...

The game of chess has a particularly long and fascinating history of more than 1500 years. Over the centuries, there have also been hundreds of different chess variants, all of which incorporate the fundamental distinguishing feature of standard...

The Russian Revolution of 1917 marked the collapse of imperial authority and the emergence of a radically new political order. Years of military defeat, economic strain, and social inequality culminated in the February Revolution (8–16 March...

A 1905 painting by Vladimir Makovsky depicting Bloody Sunday in 1905 when on 22 January peaceful protestors led by Father Georgy Gapon (1870-1906) wished to present Tsar Nicholas II (reign 1894-1917) with a petition of reforms but were shot...

A 1920 Bolshevik propaganda poster issued after the Bolshevik Revolution of November 1917 to convey the message that the Bolshevik leader Vladimir Lenin (1870-1924) was clearing Russia of its enemies. The title reads: "Comrade Lenin cleans...

The Battle of Leipzig, also known as the Battle of the Nations, 16-19 October 1813, painting by Vladimir Moshkov, 1815. Great Patriotic Museum of 1812, Moscow.