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Saint Sophia Cathedral, Kyiv
Saint Sophia Cathedral in Kyiv, Ukraine is a monument of 11th-century architecture, painting, and mosaic work. The cathedral was named after Hagia Sophia and, as the main temple of the state, played the role of its spiritual, political and...

Definition
Basil II
Basil II (aka Basilius II) was the emperor of the Byzantine Empire from 976 to 1025 CE. He became known as the Bulgar-Slayer (Bulgaroktonos) for his exploits in conquering ancient Bulgaria, sweet revenge for his infamous defeat at Trajan's...

Definition
Grigori Rasputin
Grigori Rasputin (1869-1916) was a self-styled holy man and faith healer from Siberia who ingratiated himself with the family of Tsar Nicholas II (reign 1894-1917). Rasputin was particularly valued by the empress Alexandra Feodorovna (1872-1918...

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The Murder of the Romanov Family
The brutal murder of the entire Romanov family was the culmination of deep discontent across the Russian Empire with the persistently autocratic rule of Tsar Nicholas II (reign 1894-1917). Following the disaster of the First World War (1914-18...

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Bloody Sunday by Makovsky
A 1905 painting by Vladimir Makovsky depicting Bloody Sunday in 1905 when on 22 January peaceful protestors led by Father Georgy Gapon (1870-1906) wished to present Tsar Nicholas II (reign 1894-1917) with a petition of reforms but were shot...

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Saint Sophia Cathedral, Kyiv
Cathedral of St. Sophia, Kyiv, founded in 1011 by the Great Duke of Kyiv Vladimir the Great (958 - c. 1015). It is the most ancient and fully preserved church of Eastern Europe. Inside the cathedral, there are plenty of well-preserved mosaics...

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Battle of Leipzig, 1813
The Battle of Leipzig, also known as the Battle of the Nations, 16-19 October 1813, painting by Vladimir Moshkov, 1815.
Great Patriotic Museum of 1812, Moscow.

Definition
Russian Revolution of 1905
The Russian Revolution of 1905 challenged the absolute power of Tsar Nicholas II (reign 1894-1917) as ruler of the Russian Empire. Bloody Sunday in 1905 started the year disastrously for the tsar when soldiers fired upon an unarmed crowd...

Definition
Operation Barbarossa - Hitler's Invasion of the USSR
Adolf Hitler (1889-1945), leader of Nazi Germany, attacked the USSR on 22 June 1941 with the largest army ever assembled. The Axis offensive of June-December 1941 was code-named Operation Barbarossa ('Redbeard') after Frederick Barbarossa...

Definition
Bloody Sunday in 1905 - The Massacre at the Tsar's Winter Palace
Bloody Sunday on 22 January 1905 was the massacre of peaceful and unarmed protestors by soldiers outside the Winter Palace in St. Petersburg, Russia. The crowd of workers and their families were led by Father Georgy Gapon (1870-1906), who...