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Definition
Roman Imperial Cult
The Roman imperial cult was the practice of venerating Roman emperors and their families as having divine attributes, honoring their contributions to the spread of Roman religion and culture. It was instituted by the first Roman emperor Augustus...
Definition
Holy Roman Empire
The Holy Roman Empire officially lasted from 962 to 1806. It was one of Europe’s largest medieval and early modern states, but its power base was unstable and continually shifting. The Holy Roman Empire was not a unitary state, but a confederation...
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Roman Mosaics
Roman mosaics were a common feature of private homes and public buildings across the empire from Africa to Antioch. Not only are mosaics beautiful works of art in themselves but they are also an invaluable record of such everyday items as...
Definition
Roman Cavalry
Cavalry, although never replacing infantry as the mainstay of the Roman army, could provide useful cover on the flanks of armies, could be used as a shock tactic to cause disruption to enemy infantry formations, and could pursue an enemy...
Article
Roman Warfare in the Age of Pyrrhus
The Roman army fought many conflicts throughout its long history, though perhaps none so indelible as the Pyrrhic War from 280 to 275 BCE. This war between Rome and a league of Greek colonies in southern Italy led by the city of Tarentum...
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Greek Glass Amphoriskos from Amman
An amphoriskos is a small amphora, typically less than 4 inches in height. Polychrome and sand-core formed. The decoration and the technique used are very similar to Phoenician glass, reflecting the trade and cultural exchanges across the...
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Mesoptamian Tablet Describing Glass Manufacture
From the cuneiform inscriptions on this clay tablet we can conclude that recipes for making red glass were written with a made-up ancient date to give the impression of authority. Circa 1400-1200 BCE. Probably from Tell Umar (Seleucia on...
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Glass Funerary Urn, Tarentum
A glass funerary urn, Tarentum, southern Italy. 1st-2nd century CE. (National Archaeological Museum of Taranto, Italy)
Definition
Roman Auxiliary Cavalry
The Roman army consisted of three separate divisions: the famed legions, the cavalry, and lastly, the auxiliaries. The auxiliaries (auxilia) were comprised of infantry cohorts, mounted infantry, and cavalry units or wings (alae). Although...
Definition
Roman Constitution
Roman constitution was an accumulation of laws, legal decisions, and ancient customs. While today 'constitution' usually refers to a single act of legislation, this was not the case in ancient Rome. Instead, Roman government relied on the...