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Definition
Roman Government
Western Civilization is forever indebted to the people of ancient Greece and Rome. Among the numerous contributions these societies made are in the fields of art, literature and philosophy; however, perhaps their greatest gift...
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Fall of the Western Roman Empire
To many historians, the fall of the Western Roman Empire in the 5th century CE has always been viewed as the end of the ancient world and the onset of the Middle Ages, often improperly called the Dark Ages, despite...
Definition
Roman Egypt
The rich lands of Egypt became the property of Rome after the death of Cleopatra VII in 30 BCE, which spelled the end of the Ptolemaic dynasty that had ruled Egypt since the death of Alexander the Great in 323 BCE. After the murder...
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Glass Gladiator Cup
Fragment of a blue glass cup with a scene depicting a pair of gladiators fighting. The gladiators are identified by name in the Latin inscription above them: etraites (a murmillo) and Prudes (a Thracian), with part of the name...
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Glass Claw Beaker
This glass vessel, known as a claw beaker after its claw-like decoration, is an early example of a type that grew popular throughout Anglo-Saxon England. Its form is similar to Late Roman vessels, reflecting the cultural transitions...
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Stained Glass Portrait of Hildegard of Egisheim
Stained glass portrait of Hildegard of Egisheim (otherwise known as Hildegard of Schlettstadt/Sélestat) created in 1892, photograph by Ralph Hammann, Church of Saint Faith of Sélestat, France, 2 July 2011...
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Richard III & Henry VII, Stained Glass Window
A stained glass window showing the two rivals for the throne of England at the end of the Wars of the Roses (1455-1487 CE). In 1485 CE at the Battle of Bosworth, Richard III of England (r. 1483-85 CE) was...
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A Stained Glass Window Showing Two Franciscan Monks
A stained glass window from Saint-Corentin Cathedral, Quimper, France, showing two kneeling Franciscan monks.
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Saint Margaret of Scotland Stained Glass Window
A stained glass window showing Saint Margaret of Scotland, from her chapel in Edinburgh Castle. Queen Margaret (c. 1046-1093 CE) was the wife of Malcolm III of Scotland (r. 1058-1093 CE) from 1070 CE to...
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Long Glass & Alcohol Thermometer
A long glass and alcohol thermometer, 18th century, perhaps Italian. (Science Museum, London)