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Roman Glass Bottle
Roman glass bottle. 1st-2nd century CE. Provenance unknown. (Archaeological Museum of Pavia, Italy).
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Roman Glass Lizards
A pair of glass lizards, Roman Tarentum, southern Italy. 1st century BCE. (National Archaeological Museum of Taranto, Italy)
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The Stained Glass Windows of Chartres Cathedral
The 167 stained glass windows of Chartres Cathedral, built 1190-1220 CE, are the most complete group surviving anywhere from the Middle Ages. Several windows date to the mid-12th century CE while over...
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A Roman Trail in the Moselle Valley
The Moselle Valley is Germany's oldest winegrowing region. The Romans brought viticulture to this area and planted vines along the Moselle River 2000 years ago. After settling the region c. 50 BCE and establishing...
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Roman Art
The Romans controlled such a vast empire for so long a period that a summary of the art produced in that time can only be a brief and selective one. Perhaps, though, the greatest points of distinction for Roman art are its very diversity...
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Roman Blue-Glass Cinerary Urn from Luguvalium
Roman blue-glass cinerary urn, from Luguvalium (Botchergate, Carlisle), 1st century CE. Carlisle Cathedral. Burning the body after death and keeping the bones and ashes in the cineraria (funerary urns...
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Roman Army
The Roman army, famed for its discipline, organisation, and innovation in both weapons and tactics, allowed Rome to build and defend a huge empire which for centuries would dominate the Mediterranean world and beyond. Overview...
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Roman Warfare
Roman warfare was remarkably successful over many centuries and across many territories. This was due to several important factors. Italy was a peninsula not easily attacked, there was a huge pool of fighting men to draw upon, a...
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Roman Literature
The Roman Empire and its predecessor the Roman Republic produced an abundance of celebrated literature; poetry, comedies, dramas, histories, and philosophical tracts; the Romans avoided tragedies. Much of it survives to this day...
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Roman Empire
The Roman Empire, at its height (c. 117), was the most extensive political and social structure in western civilization. Building upon the foundation laid by the Roman Republic, the empire became the largest and most powerful political...