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A Model of Christian Charity and the City on a Hill
Article by Joshua J. Mark

A Model of Christian Charity and the City on a Hill

A Model of Christian Charity is a sermon delivered by the Puritan John Winthrop (l. c. 1588-1649 CE), second governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony, either just before or after his ship, the Arbella, set sail from England for North America...
Fourth Crusade
Definition by Mark Cartwright

Fourth Crusade

The Fourth Crusade (1202-1204 CE) was called by Pope Innocent III (r. 1198-1216 CE) to retake Jerusalem from its current Muslim overlords. However, in a bizarre combination of cock-ups, financial constraints, and Venetian trading ambitions...
Memphis (Ancient Egypt)
Definition by Joshua J. Mark

Memphis (Ancient Egypt)

Memphis was one of the oldest and most important cities in ancient Egypt, located at the entrance to the Nile River Valley near the Giza plateau. It served as the capital of ancient Egypt and an important religious cult center. The original...
Mandu - City of Joy
Article by Aadil Khan

Mandu - City of Joy

The city of Mandu is situated about 35 km from Dhar in the Madhya Pradesh region of northern-central India. Most of the city's monuments date to the 15th and 16th century CE. The city is located on a hill which rises 633 m above the sea level...
An Ancient City Beneath Rome: Visiting The Catacombs of Priscilla
Article by Kim Martins

An Ancient City Beneath Rome: Visiting The Catacombs of Priscilla

Any visitor to Rome will want to see and explore the popular historical and cultural sites - the Colosseum, the Forum, the Trevi Fountain and, of course, the Vatican. But a large part of the city's ancient history actually lies underground...
Pilgrimage in the Byzantine Empire
Article by Mark Cartwright

Pilgrimage in the Byzantine Empire

Pilgrimage in the Byzantine Empire involved the Christian faithful travelling often huge distances to visit such holy sites as Jerusalem or to see in person relics of holy figures and miraculous icons on show from Thessaloniki to Antioch...
Interview with Barry Strauss: Jews vs. Rome
Article by James Blake Wiener

Interview with Barry Strauss: Jews vs. Rome - The Latest Book by Barry Strauss

For over two centuries, ancient Judea was a restless province of the Roman Empire, marked by rebellions, shifting loyalties, and the tensions between imperial might and local identity. In his latest book, Jews vs. Rome: Two Centuries of Rebellion...
Council of Clermont
Definition by Mark Cartwright

Council of Clermont

The Council of Clermont in central France was held in November 1095 and witnessed Pope Urban II's (r. 1088-1099) historic call for the First Crusade (1095-1102) to capture Jerusalem for Christendom from its Muslim occupiers. The Pope's speech...
The Siloam Inscription from Jerusalem
Image by Osama Shukir Muhammed Amin

The Siloam Inscription from Jerusalem

"During the reign of King Hezekiah of Juda (c. 725-697 BCE), the Assyrians completed the conquest of Israel, and the city of Juda was left as the only surviving independent state in the region. To ensure that the capital would not suffer...
Urbanization
Definition by Joshua J. Mark

Urbanization

Urbanization is the process by which rural communities grow to form cities, or urban centers, and, by extension, the growth and expansion of those cities. Urbanization began in ancient Mesopotamia in the Uruk Period (4300-3100 BCE) for reasons...
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