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The Greek Phalanx
Article by Joshua J. Mark

The Greek Phalanx

One of the most effective and enduring military formations in ancient warfare was that of the Greek phalanx. The age of the phalanx may be traced back to Sumeria in the 25th century BCE, through Egypt, and finally appearing in Greek literature...
The Greek Strategy at the Battle of Salamis 480 BCE
Article by Antonis Mistriotis

The Greek Strategy at the Battle of Salamis 480 BCE

The history of the second Persian war as presented in most of the modern literature is solely based on Herodotus' Histories. However, Herodotus' narration seems to contain several unrealistic elements which raise doubts about the actual strategy...
Travel in the Ancient Greek World
Article by Mark Cartwright

Travel in the Ancient Greek World

Travel opportunities within the ancient Greek world largely depended on status and profession; nevertheless, a significant proportion of the population could, and did, travel across the Mediterranean to sell their wares, skills, go on religious...
Ten Norse Mythology Facts You Need to Know
Article by Joshua J. Mark

Ten Norse Mythology Facts You Need to Know

The stories that make up what is known today as Norse mythology once informed the religious beliefs of the people of regions including Scandinavia and Iceland. To the Norse, the world was an enchanted place of gods, spirits, and other entities...
Eros-Cupid and Psyche, the Greek and Roman Gods of Love and the Soul
Video by Kelly Macquire

Eros-Cupid and Psyche, the Greek and Roman Gods of Love and the Soul

Eros in Greek mythology, known as Cupid in Rome, is the god of love but more specifically, the god of physical and passionate desire. He is often referred to as a son and attendant of Aphrodite (Venus), the goddess of love and beauty, and...
Tiamat
Definition by Joshua J. Mark

Tiamat

Tiamat is the Mesopotamian goddess associated with primordial chaos and the salt sea best known from the Babylonian epic Enuma Elish. In all versions of the myth, following the original, Tiamat always symbolizes the forces of chaos, which...
Roman Mythology
Definition by Donald L. Wasson

Roman Mythology

The ancient Romans had a rich mythology and, while much of it was derived from their neighbors and predecessors, the Greeks, it still defined the rich history of the Roman people as they eventually grew into an empire. Roman writers such...
The Relationship Between the Greek Symposium & Poetry
Article by Elaine Sanderson

The Relationship Between the Greek Symposium & Poetry

The Ancient Greek symposium is often considered an important part of Greek culture, a place where the elite drank, feasted and indulged in sometimes decadent activities. Although such practices were present in symposia, the writing and performance...
Temple at Uppsala
Definition by Joshua J. Mark

Temple at Uppsala

The Temple at Uppsala was a religious center dedicated to the Norse gods Thor, Odin, and Freyr located in what is now Gamla Uppsala in Sweden. It is described by the 11th-century historian Adam of Bremen as the most significant pagan site...
Hipparchia the Cynic: Devoted Wife, Mother, & Outspoken Greek Philosopher
Article by Joshua J. Mark

Hipparchia the Cynic: Devoted Wife, Mother, & Outspoken Greek Philosopher

Cynic philosopher, wife of Crates of Thebes (l. c. 360 – 280 BCE), and mother of his children, Hipparchia of Maroneia (l. c. 350 – 280 BCE) defied social norms in order to live her beliefs. She is all the more impressive in that she taught...
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