Cologne: Did you mean...?

The "barracks emperors" is a term coined by later historians referring to the Roman emperors who were chosen and supported by the army during the period known as the Crisis of the Third Century (also known as the Imperial Crisis, 235-284...

The Knight’s Revolt (1522-1523) was a military action led by the German imperial knight Franz von Sickingen (l. 1481-1523) and encouraged by the knight and writer Ulrich von Hutten (l. 1488-1523) launched to restore the status of the imperial...

Heinrich Bullinger (l. 1504-1575) was a Swiss reformer, minister, and historian who succeeded Huldrych Zwingli (l. 1484-1531) as leader of the Reformed Church in Switzerland and became the theological bridge between Zwingli's work and that...

The Holy Roman Empire (962–1806) functioned as a decentralized political system in Central Europe, where imperial authority depended less on centralized power than on negotiation among its leading elites. Central to this structure were the...

The Allied strategic bombing of Germany during World War II (1939-45) involved British and U.S. bomber planes attacking industrial cities, factories, railways, airfields, and dams. Over 600,000 civilians died as a consequence. The campaign...

The bomber raid on Dresden was a controversial and highly destructive combined operation by Royal Air Force Lancaster bombers and United States Air Force B-17 Flying Fortress bombers on 13, 14, and 15 February and 2 March 1945. The raid was...

In Scandinavia, Christianity spread due to the support and encouragement of political rulers at the top of the society above all else. Conversion, defined here as the actions taken by kings or clerics to introduce the new religion, did not...

Sextus Haparonius Iustinus was a "seplasarius" — a trader in perfumes and unguents — who lived in what's present-day Cologne, Germany during the 2nd century CE. When he died, his "brothers" erected a funeral monument of stone in his honor...

A dedication is incised on the rim of this Roman beaker made of glass: "MERVEIFA VIVAS TVIS." (Translation from Latin: "Merueifa, may you live among your own.") Beneath the inscription are naked, winged boys harvesting grapes, watched by...

The First Crusade (1095-1102) was a military campaign by western European forces to recapture the city of Jerusalem and the Holy Land from Muslim control. Conceived by Pope Urban II following an appeal from the Byzantine emperor Alexios I...