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Definition
The Barracks Emperors - Instability of Populist Rule
The "barracks emperors" is a term coined by later historians referring to the Roman emperors who were chosen and supported by the army during the period known as the Crisis of the Third Century (also...
Definition
Knights' Revolt
The Knight’s Revolt (1522-1523) was a military action led by the German imperial knight Franz von Sickingen (l. 1481-1523) and encouraged by the knight and writer Ulrich von Hutten (l. 1488-1523) launched to restore the status...
Definition
Heinrich Bullinger
Heinrich Bullinger (l. 1504-1575) was a Swiss reformer, minister, and historian who succeeded Huldrych Zwingli (l. 1484-1531) as leader of the Reformed Church in Switzerland and became the theological bridge between Zwingli's...
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The Seven Prince-Electors of the Holy Roman Empire - The Golden Bull and the Election of the King of the Romans
The Holy Roman Empire (962–1806) was a decentralized political order in which authority was shared among the monarch, territorial princes, ecclesiastical...
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Allied Bombing of Germany
The Allied strategic bombing of Germany during World War II (1939-45) involved British and U.S. bomber planes attacking industrial cities, factories, railways, airfields, and dams. Over 600,000 civilians died as a consequence...
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The Bombing of Dresden in 1945
The bomber raid on Dresden was a controversial and highly destructive combined operation by Royal Air Force Lancaster bombers and United States Air Force B-17 Flying Fortress bombers on 13, 14, and 15 February and...
Article
Harald Bluetooth & the Conversion of Denmark
In Scandinavia, Christianity spread due to the support and encouragement of political rulers at the top of the society above all else. Conversion, defined here as the actions taken by kings or clerics to...
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Inscription on the Tomb of an Perfume Trader
Sextus Haparonius Iustinus was a "seplasarius" — a trader in perfumes and unguents — who lived in what's present-day Cologne, Germany during the 2nd century CE. When he died, his "brothers" erected a funeral...
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A Roman Beaker for Merueifa
A dedication is incised on the rim of this Roman beaker made of glass: "MERVEIFA VIVAS TVIS." (Translation from Latin: "Merueifa, may you live among your own.") Beneath the inscription are naked, winged boys harvesting...
Definition
First Crusade
The First Crusade (1095-1102) was a military campaign by western European forces to recapture the city of Jerusalem and the Holy Land from Muslim control. Conceived by Pope Urban II following an appeal from the Byzantine emperor...
