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Berbers
Definition by Reed Wester-Ebbinghaus

Berbers

The Berbers have occupied North Africa, specifically the Maghreb, since the beginning of recorded history and until the Islamic conquests of the 8th century CE constituted the dominant ethnic group in the Saharan region. Modern Berber speakers...
Brundisium
Definition by Mark Cartwright

Brundisium

Brundisium (modern Brindisi), located on the Adriatic coast of southern Italy, was a Messapian and then Roman town of great strategic importance throughout antiquity. Although architectural remains are sparse, the city has several claims...
Saguntum
Definition by Mark Cartwright

Saguntum

Saguntum (modern Sagunto), located near Valencia in Spain, was an Iberian, and then Roman, settlement. The town's most dramatic moment in history came in the late 3rd century BCE when it was attacked by Hannibal, an act which famously sparked...
Hannibal and the Barcid Dynasty
Image by Simeon Netchev

Hannibal and the Barcid Dynasty - Carthage’s Iberian Gamble

The Barcid Dynasty rose to prominence during the crisis years of the First and Second Punic Wars, shaping Carthaginian military strategy in the western Mediterranean (c. 275–203 BCE). In the aftermath of the First Punic War (264–241 BCE...
Titus Quinctius Flamininus
Definition by Donald L. Wasson

Titus Quinctius Flamininus

Titus Quinctius Flamininus (229-174 BCE) was a consul and military commander of the Roman Republic during the Second Macedonian War, who decisively defeated Philip V of Macedon (r. 221-179 BCE) at the Battle of Cynoscephalae in 197 BCE and...
Thugga
Definition by Mark Cartwright

Thugga

Thugga (also Dougga) was a town in North Africa which was first a Numidian and then a Carthaginian settlement before being incorporated into the Roman Empire. The town was built on a strategically favourable limestone hilltop overlooking...
Hannibal Riding a War Elephant
Image by jaci XIII

Hannibal Riding a War Elephant

An artist's impression of how Carthaginian general Hannibal may have appeared riding a war elephant.
Hannibal's Major Battles in Italy
Image by Frank Martini

Hannibal's Major Battles in Italy

A map showing the location of three of the most important battles won by Carthaginian general Hannibal against Rome during the Second Punic War between 218 and 201 BCE. Lake Trasimene in June 217 BCE, Trebia River in December 218 BCE, and...
Hamilcar Barca
Image by Kordas

Hamilcar Barca

Carthaginian silver dishekel. The head has been identified as Hamilcar Barca (c. 285 – c. 228 BCE). Minted in Carthago Nova, Spain, 237-227 BCE.
Phoenician/Punic Necklace with Amulets
Image by Carole Raddato

Phoenician/Punic Necklace with Amulets

Phoenician or Carthaginian amulets in the form of bearded heads made of sand-core glass, 4th-3rd century BCE (Cagliari, Museo Archeologico Nazionale).
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