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James Longstreet
Definition

James Longstreet - Civil War Hero and Lost Cause Villain

James Longstreet (1821-1904) was a Confederate general in the American Civil War, serving chiefly under Robert E. Lee in the Eastern theater. He was regarded as one of the most effective commanders...
Nikephoros I
Definition

Nikephoros I

Nikephoros I ruled as emperor of the Byzantine Empire from 802 to 811 CE. A former finance minister who did much to improve the state economy, Nikephoros was not particularly popular with the empire's overtaxed peasants and overregulated...
Saint Cuthbert
Definition

Saint Cuthbert

Saint Cuthbert (c. 634 - 20 March 687) was an Anglo-Saxon monk from the Kingdom of Northumbria, who became the bishop of Lindisfarne and one of the most important saints of the medieval church in England. He first became a monk...
The Constantinian Excerpts
Definition

The Constantinian Excerpts - The 10th Century Byzantine Encyclopedia

The Constantinian Excerpts, or Excerpta Constantiniana is the conventional name given to the mid-10th Century Byzantine palace encyclopedia commissioned by the scholar emperor Constantine...
Why Were Hiroshima & Nagasaki Bombed in WWII?
Article

Why Were Hiroshima & Nagasaki Bombed in WWII?

The decision to drop the atomic bomb in August 1945 was taken to avoid further Allied casualties in the Pacific War by forcing Japan into an immediate surrender. Another reason was, as the victors jostled...
Buffalo and the Plains Indians
Article

Buffalo and the Plains Indians

The buffalo were essential to the Plains Indians, and other Native American nations, as they were not only a vital food source but were regarded as a sacred gift the Creator had provided especially for the people...
Battle of Crysler's Farm
Article

Battle of Crysler's Farm

The Battle of Crysler's Farm (11 November 1813) was a major battle in the War of 1812. Fought along the banks of the St. Lawrence River, it saw a British and Canadian force defeat a much larger American army, thwarting...
Early Muslim Conquests (622-656 CE)
Article

Early Muslim Conquests (622-656 CE)

Islam arose as a religious and socio-political force in Arabia in the 7th century CE (610 CE onwards). The Islamic Prophet Muhammad (l. 570-632 CE), despite facing resistance and persecution, amassed a huge following...
Reformation Wall
Image

Reformation Wall

William Farel (c. 1489-1565), Théodore de Bèze (1519-1605), John Calvin (1509-1564) and John Knox (1514-1572), stone monument portraying prominent figures of the Protestant Reformation, by Paul Landowski and Henri Bouchard, 1909...
Capitulation at Ulm, 20 October 1805
Image

Capitulation at Ulm, 20 October 1805

French Emperor Napoleon I (r.1804-1815) accepts the surrender of an Austrian army under General Mack on 20 October 1805, after the Ulm Campaign. Oil on canvas painting by René Théodore Berthon, c. 1805-1810. Palace...
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