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Battle of Leuctra
Definition by Mark Cartwright

Battle of Leuctra

The Battle of Leuctra in 371 BCE gave Thebes a decisive victory over Sparta and established Thebes as the most powerful city-state in Greece. The victory was achieved through the daring and brilliant pre-meditated tactics of the Theban general...
Ashurnasirpal II Prays Before the Sacred Tree and the God Shamash
Image by Osama Shukir Muhammed Amin

Ashurnasirpal II Prays Before the Sacred Tree and the God Shamash

The Assyrian king appears to raise his right hand and point his right index finger in a gesture of worship. He holds a mace, the symbol of authority. The Sacred Tree (which is probably a palm tree) lies at the middle of the relief. The king...
Interrelations of Kerma and Pharaonic Egypt
Article by P. DeMola

Interrelations of Kerma and Pharaonic Egypt

The vacillating nature of Ancient Egypt's associations with the Kingdom of Kerma may be described as one of expansion and contraction; a virtual tug-of-war between rival cultures. Structural changes in Egypt's administration led to alternating...
Egyptian Gods - The Complete List
Article by Joshua J. Mark

Egyptian Gods - The Complete List

The gods and goddesses of Ancient Egypt were an integral part of the people's everyday lives for over 3,000 years. There were over 2,000 deities in the Egyptian pantheon, many whose names are well known - Isis, Osiris, Horus, Amun, Ra, Hathor...
Ancient Celtic Religion
Definition by Mark Cartwright

Ancient Celtic Religion

The polytheistic religion of the ancient Celts in Iron Age Europe remains obscure for lack of written records, but archaeology and accounts by classical authors help us to piece together a number of the key gods, sacred sites, and cult practices...
Battle of Chaeronea
Definition by Donald L. Wasson

Battle of Chaeronea

The Battle of Chaeronea took place in 338 BCE on an early August morning outside the town of Chaeronea. Although for centuries the cities of Athens and Sparta dominated Greece, politically, militarily and economically, the Battle of Chaeronea...
Sacred Way, Asklepieion of Pergamon
Image by Carole Raddato

Sacred Way, Asklepieion of Pergamon

The connection between Pergamon city and the sacred area of Asklepieion was provided through a sacred road of 1 km built during the Roman Empire period. The sacred road had arches and was covered with vaults.
Sacred Precinct, Tenochtitlan
Image by Steve Cadman

Sacred Precinct, Tenochtitlan

A model reconstruction of the sacred precinct of Tenochtitlan, the Aztec capital on Lake Texcoco. The city was founded in 1345 CE and fell to the Spanish forces led by Cortés in 1521 CE. The sacred complex was dominated by the central pyramid...
Roman Sacred Spring
Image by Wanda Marcussen

Roman Sacred Spring

The hot water- sacred spring at Aquae Sulis, now Bath. The goddess Sulis Minerva was seen as the embodiment of the sacred water in the Roman era (1st- early 5th century CE).
Eagle-Headed Apkallus Flanking the Sacred Tree
Image by Osama Shukir Muhammed Amin

Eagle-Headed Apkallus Flanking the Sacred Tree

Alabaster bas-relief of eagle-headed Apkallus flanking the sacred tree. Neo-Assyrian Period, 865-860 BCE. Room I, the North-West Palace at Nimrud, modern-day Iraq. (The British Museum, London)
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