Roman Civil Wars: Did you mean...?

The Holy Roman Empire officially lasted from 962 to 1806. It was one of Europe’s largest medieval and early modern states, but its power base was unstable and continually shifting. The Holy Roman Empire was not a unitary state, but a confederation...

Charles I of England (r. 1625-1649) was a Stuart king who, like his father James I of England (r. 1603-1625), viewed himself as a monarch with absolute power and a divine right to rule. His lack of compromise with Parliament led to the English...

The Russian Civil War (1917–1922) was a multi-front conflict that followed the collapse of the Russian Empire and the Bolshevik seizure of power. After Lenin’s October Revolution in 1917, the Bolsheviks withdrew from World War I with the...

English Civil Wars (1642-51) pikemen and musketeer re-enactors of the Sealed Knot.

A cavalry helmet typical of those used during the English Civil Wars (1642-51). Often known as a "three-bar pot" for its shape and face protection bars. Made of steel with copper, gold, and silver inlay. (Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York...

Members of the Sealed Knot, a British re-enactment group of the English Civil Wars (1642-51).

English Civil Wars (1642-51) re-enactors of the Sealed Knot firing a cannon.

The Sealed Knot re-enactment group firing a cannon type typical of the artillery in the English Civil Wars (1642-51).

An illustration of the fortifications of Bristol during the English Civil Wars (1642-51). The city was stormed by Royalists led by Prince Rupert (1619-82) on 26 July 1643. The city was then lost to the Parliamentarians in September 1645...

The Goths were a Germanic tribe who are frequently referenced for their part in the fall of the Roman Empire and their subsequent rise to power in the region of northern Europe, initially in Italy. Prior to their contact with Rome they must...