Roman Civil Wars: Did you mean...?

This map collection explores the geopolitical transformation of Europe between 1914 and 1949. From the First World War (1914-18) and the collapse of empires to the rise of fascism, communism, and totalitarian...

Roman invective (uituperatio lat.) was the rhetorical and literary genre that aimed at systematically and publicly blaming a political foe to set him aside from the whole community and turn the audience against him during judicial...

The ancient Romans had a rich mythology and, while much of it was derived from their neighbors and predecessors, the Greeks, it still defined the rich history of the Roman people as they eventually grew into an empire. Roman writers...

By the late 2nd century BCE, following its victories in the Punic Wars (264–146 BCE), the Roman Republic had become the dominant power in the Mediterranean world. Roman authority extended from...

This map depicts the territories under Julius Caesar and Roman Senate in the wake of the outbreak of Caesar's Civil War in 49 BCE in the Roman Republic. Caesar crossed the Rubicon and marched on Rome...

Cavalry, although never replacing infantry as the mainstay of the Roman army, could provide useful cover on the flanks of armies, could be used as a shock tactic to cause disruption to enemy infantry formations, and could pursue...

Citizenship is and always has been a valued possession of any individual. When one studies the majority of ancient empires one finds that the concept of citizenship, in any form, was non-existent. The people in these societies...

The conflicts commonly known as the English Civil Wars form part of the wider Wars of the Three Kingdoms, a series of interconnected struggles across England, Scotland, and Ireland...

"The Holy Roman Empire was in no way holy, nor Roman, nor an empire," wrote Voltaire, and this interpretation still dominates the popular imagination, so the Holy Roman Empire is treated as a bad joke, a pale...

Algeria, Africa's largest country, stretches from the Mediterranean coastline to the Saharan desert interior. The country has some of the finest and most diverse Roman sites, including Timgad and Djémila, both well-preserved...