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Reformation & Consequences: Crash Course European History #7
Video by CrashCourse

Reformation & Consequences: Crash Course European History #7

The Protestant Reformation didn't exactly begin with Martin Luther, and it didn't end with him either. Reformers and monarchs changed the ways that religious and state power were organized throughout the 16th and early 17th centuries. Jean...
Henry VIII and the English Reformation Explained
Video by Kelly Macquire

Henry VIII and the English Reformation Explained

Did you know that the Protestant Reformation started in England because the king wanted a divorce? This video is all about the establishment of the Protestant Church of England by Henry VIII in the 16th century, best known as the English...
Pre-Reformation Church Altar
Image by David Hawgood

Pre-Reformation Church Altar

A church altar from Jacobstow Church, Cornwall, England. During the English Reformation and reign of Edward VI of England (r. 1547-53 CE), the altar, like many others, was removed to be replaced by a communion table.
Protestant Reformation in Switzerland
Image by Ascot Elite Entertainment Group

Protestant Reformation in Switzerland

The Protestant Reformation in Switzerland as portrayed in the movie Zwingli (2019). © Ascot Elite Entertainment Group
Cover: Strange Brethren: Refugees, Religious Bonds, and Reformation in Frankfurt, 1554-1608
Image by Association of University Presses

Cover: Strange Brethren: Refugees, Religious Bonds, and Reformation in Frankfurt, 1554-1608

The cover of Strange Brethren: Refugees, Religious Bonds, and Reformation in Frankfurt, 1554-1608 by Professor Maximilian Miguel Scholz. (Association of University Presses)
Kappel Wars
Definition by Joshua J. Mark

Kappel Wars

The Kappel Wars (also known as the Wars of Kappel) were armed conflicts between Protestants and Catholics in Switzerland during the Swiss Reformation. The First Kappel War ended before it began in 1529, while the second, in 1531, concluded...
Jeanne de Jussie's Short Chronicle
Article by Joshua J. Mark

Jeanne de Jussie's Short Chronicle

Jeanne de Jussie's Short Chronicle (1535) is an eyewitness account by the nun Jeanne de Jussie (l. 1503-1561) relating how the Protestant Reformation in Geneva, Switzerland, impacted the lives of the sisters of her convent of Poor Clares...
Council of Trent
Definition by Joshua J. Mark

Council of Trent

The Council of Trent (1545-1563) was a meeting of Catholic clerics convened by Pope Paul III (served 1534-1549) in response to the Protestant Reformation. In three separate sessions, the council reaffirmed the authority of the Catholic Church...
Philip Melanchthon
Definition by Joshua J. Mark

Philip Melanchthon

Philip Melanchthon (l. 1497-1560) was a German scholar and theologian who provided the intellectual rationale and systematized theology for the reformed vision of Christianity of his friend Martin Luther (l. 1483-1546). He was always overshadowed...
John Knox
Definition by Joshua J. Mark

John Knox

John Knox (l. c. 1514-1572) was a Scottish theologian and reformer famous for his work in advancing the Protestant Reformation in Scotland, his contentious relationship with Mary, Queen of Scots (l. 1542-1587), and establishing the Presbyterian...
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