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Louis XVI, the Girondins, & the Road to Revolutionary War (1791-92)
On 20 April 1792, King Louis XVI of France (r. 1774-1792) stood before the Legislative Assembly and, with a faltering voice, read a declaration of war against Austria, to the ecstatic delight of the gathered deputies. This declaration sealed...
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Phoenician/Punic Necklace with Amulets
Phoenician or Carthaginian amulets in the form of bearded heads made of sand-core glass, 4th-3rd century BCE (Cagliari, Museo Archeologico Nazionale).
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War of the Fifth Coalition
The War of the Fifth Coalition (1809) was a major conflict of the Napoleonic Wars (1803-1815) that was fought primarily in Central Europe between the First French Empire and its client states against the Austrian Empire, supported by the...
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Pequot War
The Pequot War (1636-1638) was a conflict between the Native American Pequot tribe and the English immigrants who had established settlements in New England between 1620-1630. The immediate cause of the war was the murder of two English traders...
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The Art of War
The Art of War (Sunzi bingfa) is a 5th-century BCE military treatise written by the Chinese strategist Sun-Tzu (aka Sunzi or Sun Wu). Covering all aspects of warfare, it seeks to advise commanders on how to prepare, mobilise, attack, defend...
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Utica
Utica (also Utique), 33km north of Tunis, was the first Phoenician colony on the North African coast. The strategically important port was an ally to Carthage in the First Punic War, but the city switched sides in the Second and Third Punic...
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First Anglo-Afghan War
The First Anglo-Afghan War (1838-42) was fought between the British East India Company (EIC) and, the Emirate of Afghanistan, the ultimate victor. The British were keen to control Afghanistan as they feared Russian expansion into South Asia...
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Phoenician-Punic Ship
A Phoenician-Punic ship from a relief carving on a 2nd century CE sarcophagus
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Punic Mask
A terracotta mask from Tharros, 6th-5th century BCE. These masks were used to ward off evil spirits in Carthaginian culture and are commonly found in Punic tombs.
National Archaeological Museum, Cagliari.
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Punic Stele with Goddess Tanit
Punic stele with a crescent moon and the sign of the Phoenician goddess of fertility Tanit, found in Cirta (ancient Constantine, Algeria), around 300-200 BCE. Now in Louvre Lens, France.