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The Sea Dogs - Queen Elizabeth's Privateers
The sea dogs, as they were disparagingly called by the Spanish authorities, were privateers who, with the consent and sometimes financial support of Elizabeth I of England (r. 1558-1603 CE), attacked and plundered Spanish colonial settlements...
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Pezhetairoi
The pezhetairoi (foot companions) were part of the imposing army that accompanied the Macedonian commander Alexander the Great (r. 336-323 BCE) when he crossed the Hellespont to face the Persian king Darius III in 334 BCE. Armed with long...
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Macedonia under Philip II
Map of the Kingdom of Macedon and its expansions at the death of Philip II in 336 BC.
Based on R. Ginouvès et al., La Macédoine, Paris, 1992.
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Philip II of Macedon
Philip II of Macedon (reigned 359–336 BCE)
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Philip II of Spain & Mary I of England
A 1558 CE painting by Hans Eworth showing Philip II of Spain (r. 1556-1598 CE) and Mary I of England (r. 1553-1558 CE) who were married from 1554 CE until Mary's death in 1558 CE. (Woburn Abbey Collection, England)
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Philip II of Spain by Moro
A 16th century CE portrait by Giacomo Antonio Moro of Philip II of Spain (r. 1556-1598 CE).
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Philip II of Macedon's 339 BC Campaign
Map of Philip II of Macedon's campaign in Greece, 339 BC
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Philip II of Macedon (Artist's Impression)
Philip II of Macedon (r. 359 BCE - 336 BCE) depicted in the game Old World.
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Philip II, Macedonian Silver Tetradrachm
Macedonian silver tetradrachm from the reign of Philip II, 359-336 BCE. O: Head of Zeus. R: Horseman carrying a palm branch.
Definition
Declaration of Pillnitz
The Declaration of Pillnitz was a joint statement issued on 27 August 1791 by Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor (r. 1790-1792) and King Frederick William II of Prussia (r. 1786-1797). The declaration appealed to all European powers to unite...
