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Definition
Demosthenes
Demosthenes (c. 384 - 322 BCE) was an Athenian statesman who famously stood against Macedonian king Philip II and whose surviving speeches have established him as one of the greatest patriots and powerful orators from ancient Greece. He is...

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Death of King Philip or Metacom
An early 20th-century illustration showing the death of King Philip, aka Metacom (l. 1638-1676) who led a coalition of Native American tribes in King Philip’s War (aka Metacom’s War, 1675-1678) against English colonists.

Definition
William the Silent
William the Silent (l. 1533-1584, also known as William of Orange) was the leader of the Dutch Revolt (the Eighty Years' War) in the Netherlands; first politically (between 1559-1568) then militarily (between 1568-1584). He is among the most...

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Philip VI Presiding Over the Lawsuit of Robert of Artois
A 14th century CE manuscript illustration showing Philip VI of France (r. 1328-1350 CE) presiding over the lawsuit of Robert III of Artois. (MS fr: 18437, National Library of France, Paris)

Definition
Cleopatra of Macedon
Cleopatra of Macedon (355/4-308 BCE), daughter of Philip II of Macedon (reign 359-336 BCE) and his Molossian queen, Olympias of Epirus (c. 375-316 BCE), was the only full sister of Alexander the Great (reign 336-323 BCE). Born in Pella, the...

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Macedonia under Philip II
Map of the Kingdom of Macedon and its expansions at the death of Philip II in 336 BC.
Based on R. Ginouvès et al., La Macédoine, Paris, 1992.

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Philip II of Macedon
Philip II of Macedon (reigned 359–336 BCE)

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Philip II of Spain & Mary I of England
A 1558 CE painting by Hans Eworth showing Philip II of Spain (r. 1556-1598 CE) and Mary I of England (r. 1553-1558 CE) who were married from 1554 CE until Mary's death in 1558 CE. (Woburn Abbey Collection, England)

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Philip II of Spain by Moro
A 16th century CE portrait by Giacomo Antonio Moro of Philip II of Spain (r. 1556-1598 CE).

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Philip II of Macedon (Artist's Impression)
Philip II of Macedon (r. 359 BCE - 336 BCE) depicted in the game Old World.