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Map of North Africa and the Western Mediterranean c. 1065 - Power Shifts in the Post-Caliphate Maghreb
Around 1065, the geopolitical landscape of North Africa and the western Mediterranean was marked by fragmentation, migration, and the rise of new regional powers. Older political structures were weakening, while emergent dynasties and mobile...
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Routes of the Barbarian Invaders
Routes of the Barbarian invaders into the Roman Empire during the Migration Age.
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Map of Polynesia
Map showing the Polynesian Triangle and some of its islands.
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Map of Settlement & Mobility in the Aegean, c. 1100-550 BCE - Migration, Memory, and the Making of the Greek World
The period following the collapse of the Mycenaean palatial system (c. 1200–1100 BCE) saw profound demographic and cultural reorganization across the Aegean. During the so-called Greek “Dark Age” (c. 1100–800 BCE), communities fragmented...
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Map of the Scythian Expanse, c. 700-300 BCE
The westward expansion of the Scythians (c. 700–300 BCE) illustrates how mobile steppe societies could reshape the political and cultural landscapes of Eurasia without building territorial empires. Originating in the Central Asian steppes...
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Bantu Farmers
This artist's illustration shows Bantu farmers using slash-and-burn agriculture to clear arable land. Created by Amplitude Studios for the video game Humankind.
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Spread and Evolution of Denisovans
Map showing a possible scenario of the spread and evolution of Denisovans. On the right, it shows that Homo sapiens shares a common ancestor with the Neanderthals and Denisovans, who are sister species. There is evidence of interbreeding...
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Europe During the Last Glacial Maximum
Europe during the most recent glacial, in which the ice sheets reached peak growth between c. 26.500 to c. 19,000 years ago. This is known as the Last Glacial Maximum. Sea levels were lower than today.
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Aurignacian Sites
Map showing sites and presence associated with the Aurignacian culture, usually attributed to the first modern humans who arrived in Europe around 45,000 years ago.
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Denisova Cave
Denisova Cave in the Altai Mountains in Siberia, Russia. It is well known for human occupation stretching back as far as 280,000 years ago and shows signs of occupation by Neanderthals, Homo sapiens and Denisovans. All currently known Denisovan...