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Mesopotamian Amulet Against Plague
Image by Osama Shukir Muhammed Amin

Mesopotamian Amulet Against Plague

Mesopotamian amulet covered with a quotation from a poem, the Akkadian Erra Epic, thought suitable to ward off plague. From Ashur, Northern Mesopotamia, Iraq. Neo-Assyrian Period, 800-612 BCE. The British Museum, London.
Fashion & Dress in Ancient Mesopotamia
Article by Joshua J. Mark

Fashion & Dress in Ancient Mesopotamia - From Basic to Accessorized in the Ancient World

Fashion and dress in Mesopotamia – clothing, footwear, and accessories – were not only functional but defined one's social status and developed from a simple loincloth in the Ubaid period (circa 6500-4000 BCE) to brightly colored robes and...
Sargon of Akkad
Definition by Joshua J. Mark

Sargon of Akkad - From Gardener to King of the Four Corners of the World

Sargon of Akkad (reign 2334-2279 BCE) was the king of the Akkadian Empire of Mesopotamia, the first multinational empire in history, who united the disparate kingdoms of the region under a central authority. He is equally famous today as...
Dogs & Their Collars in Ancient Mesopotamia
Article by Joshua J. Mark

Dogs & Their Collars in Ancient Mesopotamia - Man's Best Friend in the Ancient Near East

Among the many contributions to world culture credited to Mesopotamia is an object so familiar to people in the modern world that few pause to consider its origin: the dog collar. Throughout the ancient world, from China to Rome, dogs are...
The Nine Muses of Greek Mythology
Image by Simeon Netchev

The Nine Muses of Greek Mythology

The Nine Muses of Greek mythology were divine daughters of Zeus and Mnemosyne (Memory), revered as patrons of poetry, song, history, and the arts. Early Greek tradition sometimes spoke of an earlier triad—Mneme (Memory), Melete (Practice...
The Iraq Museum & Three Wars: Three Steps from Hell
Article by Osama Shukir Muhammed Amin

The Iraq Museum & Three Wars: Three Steps from Hell

This article documents and elaborates on the many critical behind-the-scenes events, unknown to the public, before the history leaves us. The author The bulk of the “the land between the two rivers” lies in what we call today the Republic...
Sumerians
Definition by Joshua J. Mark

Sumerians - Inventors of Civilization

The Sumerians were the people of southern Mesopotamia (modern-day southern Iraq) whose civilization flourished between circa 4000 and 1750 BCE. Their name comes from the region, which is frequently – and incorrectly – referred to as a "country."...
Enlil
Definition by Joshua J. Mark

Enlil - Mesopotamian Keeper of the Tablets of Destiny

Enlil (also known as Ellil and Nunamnir) was the Sumerian god of the air in the Mesopotamian pantheon, but he was more powerful than any other elemental deity and eventually was worshiped as King of the Gods. He is featured in a number of...
Interview with Garry Shaw - Egyptian Mythology Travel Guide
Video by Kelly Macquire

Interview with Garry Shaw - Egyptian Mythology Travel Guide

Join World History Encyclopedia as they talk to Garry Shaw, an Egyptologist and author of a brand new book Egyptian Mythology: A Travelers Guide From Aswan to Alexandria. Garry's book on Egyptian mythology starts with a journey beginning...
Naram-Sin
Definition by Joshua J. Mark

Naram-Sin - The God-King of Akkad

Naram-Sin (reign 2254-2218 BCE) was the last great king of the Akkadian Empire and the grandson of Sargon the Great (reign 2334-2279 BCE), who founded the empire. He is considered the most important Akkadian king after Sargon (or, according...
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