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Kish - The First City of Political Prominence in History
Kish was one of the most significant and politically prestigious city-states in ancient Mesopotamia. According to the Sumerian King List, it was the first city to be given divine kingship after...
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Mesopotamian Epic of Creation Tablet
Mesopotamian clay tablet with the episodes of the epic of creation. It narrates how the god Anshar summons the gods together for a banquet. They celebrate Marduk's appointment as champion; Marduk defeated Tiamat...
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Mesopotamian Tablet on Marduk
Babylonian tablet, a scholar speculating on how powerful, independent Mesopotamian gods can be seen as aspects of the god Marduk. From Babylon, Southern Mesopotamia, Iraq. Neo-Babylonian Period, reign of Nebuchadnezzar...
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Mesopotamian Male Worshiper Votive Figure
Mesopotamian male worshiper votive figure, from Eshnunna, Mesopotamia (modern-day Tell Asmar), 2750-2600 BCE.
Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York.
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Mesopotamian Eye Idol
Gypsum alabaster eye idol from the Middle Uruk period, c. 3700-3500 BCE, Tell Brak, Syria. Many similar artifacts have been found at Tell Brak; they were likely amuletic objects honoring the Mesopotamian goddess Ningal, wife...
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Lost Treasures From Iraq: Revisited & Identified
For how long do we build a household? For how long do we seal a document? For how long do brothers share the inheritance? For how long is there to be jealousy in the land(?)? The Epic of Gilgamesh...
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The Legend of Cutha - A How-To on the Proper Relationship with One's God
The Legend of Cutha (also known as the Cuthean Legend of Naram-Sin, Cutha Legend, and Kutha Legend) is a fictional work dated to the 17th century BCE belonging to the genre known as...
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The Hymn to Ninkasi, Goddess of Beer - A Praise Song and Ancient Beer Recipe
The Hymn to Ninkasi is at once a song of praise to Ninkasi, the Sumerian goddess of beer, and an ancient recipe for brewing (though this claim has been challenged). Written down...
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Daily Life in Ancient Mesopotamia - Mirroring the Modern World
Daily life in ancient Mesopotamia cannot be described in the same way one would describe life in ancient Rome or Greece. Mesopotamia was never a single, unified civilization, not even under...
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Mesopotamian Spells Against Sorcerers
The first tablet of Maqlu (Akkadian, which means burning), the Akkadian series of incantations directed against demons and witches. The spells involved the manufacturer of wax figurines; these would then be burned...