Louis IX: Did you mean...?

Maximilien François Marie Isidore de Robespierre (1758-1794) was a French lawyer who became one of the primary leaders of the French Revolution (1789-1799). From his initial rise to stardom in the Jacobin Club, Robespierre went on to dominate...

The Declaration of Pillnitz was a joint statement issued on 27 August 1791 by Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor (r. 1790-1792) and King Frederick William II of Prussia (r. 1786-1797). The declaration appealed to all European powers to unite...

Louise-Antoine, Compte de Bougainville (1729-1811) was a French explorer and former army colonel, who was also a brilliant mathematician. He was a contemporary of Captain James Cook (1728-1779) and a protegée of Madame de Pompadour (1721-1764...

A 1767 oil on canvas portrait by Louis-Michel van Loo of the French author and philosopher Diderot (1713-1784). (Louvre Museum, Paris)

Louis-Antoine de Saint-Just (1767-1794), a leader of the Jacobin Club and of the Mountain political faction, oil on canvas portrait by Pierre-Paul Prud'hon, 1793. Only 25 when he was elected to the National Convention, Saint-Just soon became...

Battle of Poltava 1709, oil on canvas by Louis Caravaque. A painting depicting the decisive Russian victory at Poltava in 1709.

Louis XIII of France (1601-1643), oil on canvas portrait by Philippe de Champaigne, 1635. Museo del Prado, Madrid.

Portrait of Louis François Perrin de Précy, commander of the rebel army during the Revolt of Lyon in the Federalist Revolts (May-December 1793). By Jean-Joseph Dassy, 1829. In the Musée d'art et d'histoire de Cholet

The compound monocular microscope of Louis Pasteur (1822-1895). Made by Nachet et fils, 1861-70. (Science Museum, London)

The death of Prince Louis Ferdinand of Prussia (1772-1806) in the Battle of Saalfeld (10 October 1806) during the War of the Fourth Coalition. Painting by Peter Edward Stroehling, c. 1806-1816. Royal Collection.