Louis IX: Did you mean...?

Portrait of Louis Antoine de Bourbon-Condé, Duke of Enghien (1772-1804) whose scandalous arrest and execution sent shockwaves throughout Europe, turning many European aristocrats against the Bonapartist regime in France. Portrait by Jean-Michael...

Louis-Marie, Vicomte de Noailles, oil on canvas portrait by Gilbert Stuart, 1798. Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York. A French noble and brother-in-law to the Marquis de Lafayette, Noailles fought in the American Revolutionary War. His...

Portrait depicting Louis René Édouard, cardinal de Rohan (1734-1803). A former ambassador, Cardinal de Rohan was despised by Queen Marie Antoinette of France and became embroiled in the affair of the diamond necklace in an attempt to win...

King Louis XVI of France declares war on Francis II, king of Hungary and Bohemia, in the Legislative Assembly, beginning the War of the First Coalition (1792-1797), 20 April 1792. Engraving by Johann Carl Bock, c. 1792. National Library...

An 1866 painting in oils, Louis-Auguste Cézanne, by Paul Cézanne (1839-1906), the French post-impressionist artist. Cézanne here paints his father reading the newspaper L'Événement. The paper was not the one his father usually read but the...

Engraved portrait of Kings of East Francia Charles the Fat (r. 876-887 CE), Holy Roman Emperor (r. 881-887 CE), and Louis III the Younger (r. 876-882 CE), by unknown creator, c. 1634-1643 CE. The British Museum, London.

Portrait of Louis François Perrin de Précy, commander of the rebel army during the Revolt of Lyon in the Federalist Revolts (May-December 1793). By Jean-Joseph Dassy, 1829. In the Musée d'art et d'histoire de Cholet

Throughout the 9th century CE, Viking raids on the region of Francia (roughly modern-day France) increased in frequency, destabilizing the region, and terrorizing the populace. The raids seem to have been inspired by the death of the Holy...

The Kingdom of West Francia (843-987 CE, also known as The Kingdom of the West Franks) was the region of Western Europe that formed the western part of the Carolingian Empire of Charlemagne (Holy Roman Emperor 800-814 CE) known as Francia...

The meeting of the Assembly of Notables in 1787 was a last-ditch effort by the ministers of King Louis XVI of France (r. 1774-1792) to fix the disastrous condition of French finances. The assembly failed to agree on a series of radical financial...