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Interview
Interview: Dithmarschen Republic
Located in what is the present-day German province of Schleswig-Holstein, the Dithmarschen Republic (1227-1559) was a republic by commoners who developed quasi-democratic institutions, including their own written...
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Portrait of Rangi Topeora Wearing Hei Tiki
A c. 1863 oil-on-canvas portrait by Gottfried Lindauer (1839-1926 CE) of Maori tribal leader, Rangi Topeora (b. unknown-1873 CE). She is wearing hei tiki and pounamu. The hei tiki – a cultural object worn...
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Leibniz's Calculating Machine
The calculating machine capable of multiplication and division invented by Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz (1646-1716), the German polymath. (Technische Sammlungen Museum, Dreseden, Germany)
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Hinepare - A Woman of the Ngāti Kahungunu Tribe
A half-length portrait of a Maori woman painted by the New Zealand artist Gottfried Lindauer (1839 to 1926 CE). Hinepare is wearing a hei-tiki around her neck, pounamu (greenstone) earring and shark tooth...
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Kuinioroa - Daughter of Rangi Kopinga - Te Rangi Pikinga
A portrait by New Zealand artist Gottfried Lindauer (1839 - 1926 CE) of Te Rangi Pikinga. She belonged to the Ngāti Apa people of Whanganui (New Zealand) and was captured by Te Rangihaeata at Turakina...
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French Soldiers Inspect Goods in Leipzig
French soldiers inspect goods in Leipzig in 1806, near the start of Napoleon's Continental System. By Gottfried Heinrich Geißler, 1824.
Definition
Johannes Gutenberg
Johannes Gutenberg (l. c. 1398-1468) was the inventor of the printing press (c. 1450) who seems to have developed the device from wine and oil presses of the time. Gutenberg’s printing press not only revolutionized book making...
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Great Northern War
The Great Northern War took place from 1700 to 1721 and was fought between Russia and Sweden during the reign of Peter I of Russia (Peter the Great). One of the key causes of the war was Peter the Great’s desire to have territory...
Definition
Antonio Vivaldi
Antonio Vivaldi (1678-1741) was an Italian violin virtuoso and composer of baroque music (c. 1600-1750). Best known for his violin concertos, notably The Four Seasons, Vivaldi made a significant contribution to the evolution of...
Definition
Johannes Brahms
Johannes Brahms (1833-1897) was a German composer of Romantic music best known for his symphonies, songs, and orchestral, chamber, and piano music. A great student of the history of music, Brahms was convinced that only by working...