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Robespierre & the Death Penalty
Article by Harrison W. Mark

Robespierre & the Death Penalty

"I come to ask, not the gods, but legislators…to erase from the code of the French the blood laws that command judicial murders" (Robespierre, 6). These impassioned words, spoken by Maximilien Robespierre before France's National Constituent...
Battle of Wattignies
Article by Harrison W. Mark

Battle of Wattignies

The Battle of Wattignies was a significant battle in the War of the First Coalition, part of the wider French Revolutionary Wars (1792-1802). It was fought on 15-16 October 1793 between a ragtag army of the First French Republic and a professional...
War of the First Coalition
Definition by Harrison W. Mark

War of the First Coalition

The War of the First Coalition (1792-1797) was a continent-spanning conflict in which a coalition of European powers, including Austria, Prussia, Great Britain, the Dutch Republic, Spain, and several others, sought to contain and defeat Revolutionary...
Storming of the Tuileries Palace
Definition by Harrison W. Mark

Storming of the Tuileries Palace

The Storming of the Tuileries Palace, also commonly known as the Insurrection of 10 August, was a defining moment in the French Revolution (1789-99) that saw the armed revolutionaries of Paris invade the residence of King Louis XVI of France...
August Decrees
Definition by Harrison W. Mark

August Decrees

The decrees of 4 August 1789, also known as the August Decrees, were a set of 19 articles passed by the National Constituent Assembly during the French Revolution (1789-1799) which abolished feudalism in France and ended the tax exemption...
War of the Second Coalition
Definition by Harrison W. Mark

War of the Second Coalition

The War of the Second Coalition (1798-1802), part of the broader French Revolutionary Wars, was the second attempt by an alliance of major European powers to defeat Revolutionary France. The Second Coalition, which included Russia, Austria...
War of the Sixth Coalition
Definition by Harrison W. Mark

War of the Sixth Coalition

The War of the Sixth Coalition (1813-1814), known in Germany as the Wars of Liberation, was the penultimate conflict of the Napoleonic Wars (1803-1815). The Sixth Coalition, which included Russia, Austria, Prussia, the United Kingdom, Sweden...
French Consulate
Definition by Harrison W. Mark

French Consulate

The French Consulate was the government of the First French Republic from 10 November 1799 to 18 May 1804, spanning the last four years of the Republic's existence. Headed by Napoleon Bonaparte (1769-1821) as First Consul, the Consulate served...
Joséphine de Beauharnais
Definition by Harrison W. Mark

Joséphine de Beauharnais

Joséphine de Beauharnais (1763-1814) was a French noblewoman who was the first wife of Napoleon Bonaparte (1769-1821). She was therefore Empress of the French from 18 May 1804 until the annulment of her marriage on 10 January 1810, as well...
An Allegory of the Revolution
Image by Nicolas Henri Jeaurat de Bertry

An Allegory of the Revolution

Allégorie révolutionnaire ("Allegory of the revolution") by Nicolas Henri Jeaurat de Bertry, 1794. It was made in honor of Enlightenment philosopher Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1712-1778), whose portrait is seen at the top of the painting. Rousseau...
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