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4 Women of the French Revolution
The French Revolution (1789-1799) sought to dismantle the oppressive society of the old regime and build a new world based on the principles of "Liberty, Equality, Fraternity". This push for societal change led to a burgeoning feminist movement...
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Coal, Steam, & The Industrial Revolution: Crash Course
In which John Green wraps up revolutions month with what is arguably the most revolutionary of modern revolutions, the Industrial Revolution. While very few leaders were beheaded in the course of this one, it changed the lives of more people...
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The Industrial Revolution: Crash Course
We've talked about a lot of revolutions in 19th Century Europe, and today we're moving on to a less warlike revolution, the Industrial Revolution. You'll learn about the development of steam power and mechanization, and the labor and social...
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Watt & Boulton Steam Engine
A Watt & Boulton steam engine, one of the key innovations of the Industrial Revolution. Dating to 1788, this example is the oldest original rotative steam engine in the world. Designed and built by James Watt (1736-1819) and Matthew Boulton...
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Power Looms in a Textile Mill
An 1835 engraving by J. Tingle (from an illustration by T. Allom) of power looms in a textile mill during the Industrial Revolution. The power loom weaving machine was invented by Edmund Cartwright (1743-1823) in 1785. The machine doubled...
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Coal Pits & Factories
An illustration showing the increasing industrialisation and urbanisation of Britain during the Industrial Revolution. (From Griffith's Guide to the Iron Trade of Great Britain, 1873)
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Nasmyth's Steam Hammer
An 1871 oil painting of a steam hammer invented by the Scotsman James Nasmyth (1808-1890) in 1839 during the Industrial Revolution. The steam-powered machine lowered a weight onto an anvil using gears which allowed for both precision and...
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A Rotary Motion Steam Engine Model
A model of a rotary motion steam engine based on those built by James Watt (1736-1819) during the Industrial Revolution. Harnessing steam power in a wheel made the engines much more versatile than the older vertical piston engines.
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Newcomen Steam Engine Diagram
A diagram showing the essential design features of the early atmospheric steam engine designed by Thomas Newcomen (1664-1729) during the Industrial Revolution. Heated water (blue) creates steam (pink) which has a much great volume. When the...
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James Watt Working on the Steam Engine
An 1869 etching showing the Scottish instrument worker James Watt (1736-1819) developing a new design of steam engine in the 1760s and 1770s during the Industrial Revolution.