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Definition
Galleon
The galleon (Spanish: galeón, French: galion) was a type of sailing ship used for both cargo carrying and as a warship. Galleons dominated the seas in the second half of the 16th century, and with their lower superstructures, they were much...
Definition
Utica
Utica (also Utique), 33km north of Tunis, was the first Phoenician colony on the North African coast. The strategically important port was an ally to Carthage in the First Punic War, but the city switched sides in the Second and Third Punic...
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Battle of Cannae - Destruction of the Roman Army
Map of the Battle of Cannae showing how Hannibal encircles and defeats the Roman army.
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Map of the Battle of Trebia
Map of the Battle of Trebia (218 BC), illustrating Hannibal's strategy.
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The Battle of Zama - Scipio's Attack
The Battle of Zama (202 BCE). Carthaginian cavalry routed off the field. Scipio attacks Hannibal's first and second line of infantry and routs both lines.
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The Battle of Zama - Start of the Battle
The Battle of Zama (202 BCE): Hannibal starts the battle with his war elephants charging at Roman front. Scipio orders his cavalry to blow loud horns to terrify the charging elephants. The panicked elephants turn at the Carthaginian left...
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Great Military Commanders from Antiquity
In antiquity, certain military commanders were so formidable on the battlefield that they were responsible for the rise and fall of civilizations. Epaminondas saw off mighty Sparta and almost single-handedly gave Greek Thebes its one and...
Book Review
The Ghosts of Cannae: Hannibal and the Darkest Hour of the Roman Republic
In history, famous battles define the generalship and reputation of military leaders, such as Gaugamela for Alexander the Great, Austerlitz for Napoleon, and the Battle of Cannae for Hannibal. Robert L. O’Connell’s book The Ghosts of Cannae...
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Total War History: Battle of Cannae (Part 4/5)
Despite losing their top commanders, the Roman heavy infantrymen press forward. Hannibal and his soldiers must hold back this juggernaut at all cost... if they fail, all is lost! Documentary Sources: "The Ghosts of Cannae" by Robert L. O'Connell...
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Total War History: Battle of Cannae (Part 2/5)
Hannibal has shattered every Roman army in his path. In response the senate summoned a monster to slay the Punic foe. The beast they called upon would be the largest combined force ever assembled by Rome so far. The equivalent of 16 legions...
