Frederick I Barbarossa: Did you mean...?

The Battle of Moscow (Oct 41 to Jan 42) was Germany's first major land defeat in the Second World War (1939-45). Although Axis panzer divisions reached within 20 miles (32 km) of the Soviet capital, the USSR's Red Army, led by Marshal Georgi...

The twin battles of Jena and Auerstedt, both fought on 14 October 1806, marked a major turning point in the Napoleonic Wars (1803-1815). It saw the French Grande Armée, led by Emperor Napoleon I (r. 1804-1814; 1815) soundly defeat the Prussian...

King Frederick William III of Prussia (r. 1797-1840), oil on canvas portrait by an unknown artist, between 1830-1840. Museum of Prussia, Minden, Germany.

Elector John Frederick I of Saxony (l. 1503-1554), portrait by Lucas Cranach the Younger, 1578. Staatliche Kunstsammlungen, Dresden

Prince Frederick, Duke of York and Albany (1763-1827), second son of King George III of the United Kingdom. He led the British forces during the Flanders Campaign of 1792-1795 during the French Revolutionary Wars and later served as commander-in-chief...

Frederick III of Sicily (r. 1295-1337 CE) 14th-century CE mosaic in the Messina Cathedral.

Frederick Benteen (l. 1834-1898) in his later years. He served with Lt. Colonel George Armstrong Custer and was present at the Washita Massacre (1868) and the Battle of the Little Bighorn (1876).

Portrait of Frederick Josias of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld (1737-1815), commander of Austrian forces during the French Revolutionary Wars (1792-1802). Painting by William Essex, 1848, based on an earlier work by Ferdinand Jagemann. Essex's painting...

He was the first African American nominated for vice president of the United States. He escaped enslavement to become one of America's most prominent abolitionists, an advisor to Lincoln... and a Republican statesman. This is the story...

The Fifth Crusade (1217-1221 CE) was called by Pope Innocent III (r. 1198-1216 CE) with the objective, like previous crusades, of recapturing Jerusalem from Muslim control; only this time the strategy was to weaken the enemy by first attacking...