Francis I of France: Did you mean...?

There was a bitter rivalry between France and England throughout the 14th and 15th century CE and their frequent battles in this period are now known to history as the Hundred Years' War (1337-1453 CE). In this collection of resources, we...

The Miracles of St. Francis Xavier, oil on canvas by Peter Paul Rubens, 1617/1618. In it, Francis Xavier preaches to the peoples of Asia and Africa, with the destruction of an idol in the background. Several individuals are being brought...

Edward III of England reigned as king from 1327 to 1377. Succeeding his father Edward II of England (r. 1307-1327) following his enforced abdication and then murder, Edward III would take revenge on his father's enemies, who included the...

The War of the Third Coalition (1805-1806) was a major European conflict during the Napoleonic Wars (1803-1815). It was fought by an alliance of nations that included the United Kingdom, Russia, Austria, Sweden, Naples, and Sicily, against...

Emperors Napoleon I of France and Francis II of Austria meet after the Battle of Austerlitz (2 December 1805) to discuss terms of peace. Oil on canvas painting by Antoine-Jean Gros, 1812. Palace of Versailles.

Mary of Guise (aka Marie de Lorraine, 1515-1560) was a French noblewoman who became the second wife of James V of Scotland (r. 1513-1542). With the premature death of her husband, her daughter Mary, Queen of Scots (r. 1542-1567) became queen...

The Ecstasy of Saint Francis painting by the Italian Renaissance artist Giovanni Bellini (c. 1430- 1516 CE). Completed by 1480 CE. (Frick Collection, New York)

Francis Xavier, painting with Latin and Japanese writing by an unknown artist, 17th century. Kobe City Museum, Japan.

A c. 1720 portrait of James II of England’s exiled son James Francis Edward Stuart (1688-1766), also known as the Old Pretender since he claimed the crown of Great Britain which had since passed on to the House of Hanover and George I of...

A still life by American painter John F. Francis (1808-1886 CE). The painting depicts staple crops of the United States of America like melons, peaches, grapes, and apples.