Caliphate of Cordoba: Did you mean...?

Theophilos was emperor of the Byzantine Empire from 829 to 842 CE. He was the second ruler of the Amorion dynasty founded by his father Michael II. Popular during his reign and responsible for a lavish rebuilding of Constantinople's palaces...

Tombstone of Caliph Umar (634 - 644 CE) of the Rashidun Caliphate, in Al-Masjid al-Nabawi, Medina. The grave of Umar can be seen from the first window on the right.

Artist's impression of a courtyard during the period of the Umayyad Caliphate. Created by Amplitude Studios for the video game Humankind.

This video shows the borders and populations of each country in Europe, for every year since 400 BC. Vassal states and colonies are not included in the count of a country's population. Sources : 1. Population : - Angus Maddison...

The game of chess has a particularly long and fascinating history of more than 1500 years. Over the centuries, there have also been hundreds of different chess variants, all of which incorporate the fundamental distinguishing feature of standard...

In the aftermath of the failure of the Second Crusade (1147-1149 CE), which only managed to bring Damascus under Nur ad-Din's (sometimes also given as Nur al-Din, l. 1118-1174 CE) dominion, Egypt acquired top priority – both from a strategic...

Map of the conflict between Caliph Ali (r. 656-661 CE) and Muawiyah I (r. 661 – 680 CE) during the First Fitna (656 – 661 CE), a civil war within the Rashidun Caliphate. The area shaded in green represents the territories of the Caliphate...

The European colonization of the Americas was the process by which European settlers populated the regions of North, Central, South America, and the islands of the Caribbean. It is also recognized as the direct cause for the cultures of the...

Roman philosophy played a significant role in the growth and development of Western thought. While not involved directly in the development of original philosophical thought, Rome made significant contributions in two ways: by conveying Greek...

Bjorn Ironside (also spelt Björn Ironside; Old Norse Bjǫrn Járnsíða) is a legendary Viking who in the stories surrounding him raids alongside his brothers and his father, the Viking chieftain Ragnar Lothbrok. While the legends mentioning...