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Avesta
The Avesta is the scripture of Zoroastrianism which developed from an oral tradition founded by the prophet Zoroaster (Zarathustra, Zartosht) sometime between c. 1500-1000 BCE. The title is generally accepted as meaning “praise”, though this...

Definition
Queen of Sheba
The Queen of Sheba is the monarch mentioned in the Bible and then in later works who travels to Jerusalem to experience the wisdom of King Solomon (c. 965-931 BCE) of Israel first-hand. The queen is first mentioned in I Kings 10:1-13 and...

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Dead Sea Scroll Qohelet from Qumran
This is Dead Sea Scroll number 4Q109, known as Qohelet (Ecclesiastes), which was found in Cave 4 at Qumran (Khirbet Qumran or Wadi Qumran). The Dead Sea Scrolls are ancient Jewish religious manuscripts. The majority were written in Hebrew...

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Dead Sea Scroll of Pesher Isaiah
This is part of Pesher Isaiah, scroll number 4Q162, which was found in Cave 4 at Qumran (Khirbet Qumran or Wadi Qumran). A pesher is a type of commentary. The Dead Sea Scrolls are ancient Jewish religious manuscripts. The majority were written...

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Dead Sea Scroll 28 from Qumran
This is Dead Sea Scroll number 28a (1Q28a), which was found in Cave 1 at Qumran (Khirbet Qumran or Wadi Qumran). The Dead Sea Scrolls are ancient Jewish religious manuscripts. The majority were written in Hebrew script on leather or papyrus...

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Dead Sea Scroll Testimonia from Qumran
Dead Sea Scroll number 175 (4Q175), which was found in Cave 4 at Qumran (Khirbet Qumran or Wadi Qumran), West Bank of the Jordan River, near the north part of the Dead Sea, modern-day State of Israel. It is also known as "The Testimonia"...

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Palmyra
View of Palmyra with the Temple of Bel, Syria. Palmyra (Aramaic: ܬܕܡܘܪܬܐ;Hebrew: תדמור; tiḏmor, Greek: Παλμύρα, Arabic: تدمر; Tadmur, /ˌpælˈmaɪərə/) was an ancient city in central Syria. In antiquity, it was an important city located...

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Achaemenid Lion Weight
One side of this heavy weight is inscribed in Aramaic with "correct according to the stater of silver". This probably refers to the use of a weight standard based on the silver coins known as staters. This object weighs just over 31 kg, which...

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Statue of Abu Bint Jablo, Hatra
The Aramaic inscription on the base of the statute states that it was commissioned by Abu Bint Jablo's husband in her memory and that she was assassinated for an unknown reason under vague circumstances at the age of 18. The inscription also...

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Tel Dan Inscription
Erected in the mid ninth-eigth century B.C.E., the Tel Dan Stela includes the Tel Dan Inscription (or "House of David" inscription) thereby providing the first historical evidence of King David from the Bible. The inscription is written in...