Images

The Battle of Issus, the decisive moment.

Map of the Roman Empire during 69AD, the Year of the Four Emperors. Coloured areas indicate provinces loyal to one of four warring generals.

Rhine frontier of the Roman empire, 70AD, showing the location of the Batavi in the Rhine delta region. Roman territory shaded darker.

Map of the Battle of Cannae showing the initial deployment and the Roman attack.

Map of the Battle of Cannae showing how Hannibal encircles and defeats the Roman army.

The Battle of Zama (202 BCE): Hannibal starts the battle with his war elephants charging at Roman front. Scipio orders his cavalry to blow loud horns to terrify the charging elephants. The panicked elephants turn at the Carthaginian left...

The Battle of Zama (202 BCE). Roman right wing charges and routs the Carthaginian cavalry, followed by the Roman left wing routing the Carthaginian right wing. Remaining elephants are lured through the lanes and killed.

The Battle of Zama (202 BCE). Carthaginian cavalry routed off the field. Scipio attacks Hannibal's first and second line of infantry and routs both lines.

The Battle of Zama (202 BCE). Scipio and Hannibal rearrange their troops in a single line and battle remains stalemate until Roman cavalry returns and attacks Hannibal's infantry at the rear.

A map showing the Battle of the Granicus River, May 334 BCE.