Search Results
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570Muhammad is born in Mecca.
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610Muhammad receives his first revelation on Mount Hira.
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622Muhammad undertakes the Hegira (Hijra), the migration from Mecca to Medina, establishing the start of the Islamic calendar.
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624Battle of Badr: Muhammad's forces win, resulting in a turning point for Islam against the ruling Quraysh tribe.
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625Battle of Uhud: Quraysh tribe defeats the Muslims.
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627Battle of the Trench: Quraysh troops attempt to siege Medina (then called Yathrib), but lose to the Muslim force.
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627Siege of Bani Qurayzah: Muslims capture the Jewish stronghold.
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628Treaty of Hudaybiyyah: A peace agreement is signed between Muhammad's Muslims and the people of Mecca.
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628Conquest of Khaybar oasis: Jews barricade themselves in a fort at Khaybar oasis and are allowed to remain living there if they pay the Muslims one third of their produce.
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629First Pilgrimage ("lesser" pilgrimage or "umrah") made by Muhammad and his Muslims to Mecca after migrating to Medina.
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629Battle of Mu'tah: Muslims attempt to capture the village east of the Jordan River from the Byzantine Empire to show their expanding dominance, resulting in a Muslim defeat.
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630Non-violent conquest of Mecca: The Quraysh realize that the Muslims now greatly outnumber them and allow the Muslims to capture their city, Mecca, and rule it as they please.
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630Battle of Hunayn: Ending in a decisive victory for the Muslims over the Bedouin tribe of Hawazin.
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630Attempted Siege of Ta'if: Muhammad's forces are initially unable to siege Ta'if and convert its people to Islam.
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632"Farewell Hajj Pilgrimage": This is the only Hajj pilgrimage in which Muhammad participates.
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632Muhammad dies in Medina, not clearly naming a successor to lead the Muslim people.
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632 - 634Abu Bakr becomes the first caliph (successor to Muhammad) of the Rashidun Caliphate.
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634 - 644Umar ibn al-Khattab succeeds Abu Bakr, becoming the second caliph of the Rashidun Caliphate.
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637Muslim invasion of the Levant. The Byzantines are driven out.
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644 - 656Uthman ibn 'Affan succeeds Umar to become the third caliph of the Rashidun Caliphate.
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c. 650Uthman orders the establishment of one "true" Quran while destroying the others.
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651Muslim Conquest of Mesopotamia.
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656 - 661Ali ibn Abi Talib succeeds Uthman to become the fourth and final caliph of the Rashidun Caliphate.
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Mar 670Hasan ibn Ali, Shia Islam's second imam (his father, Ali ibn Abi Talib, being the first imam), is poisoned to death.
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Oct 680Husayn ibn Ali, Shia Islam's third imam, is beheaded by Yazid I's force at the Battle of Karbala in present-day Iraq.
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750Fall of the Umayyad Caliphate.
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750Start of the Abbasid Caliphate.
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754 - 775Reign of Al-Mansur over the Abbasid Caliphate.
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756Abd al-Rahman I establishes the Emirate of Cordoba.
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756 - 788Reign of Abd al-Rahman I over the Emirate of Cordoba.
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777Zaragoza invites Charlemagne into Spain.
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783The city of Zaragoza falls to forces from the Emirate of Cordoba.
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784Abd al-Rahman I begins construction on the Great Mosque of Cordoba.
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788Death of Abd al-Rahman I of the Emirate of Cordoba.
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1031Fall of the Umayyad Caliphate of Cordoba.
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1313 - 1341Uzbeg rules the Golden Horde and makes Islam the state religion.