Byblos Timeline

Trade contact between Byblos and Egypt.

Invasion of the Hyksos.

Byblos liberated and occupied by the Egyptians. Phoenecian alphabet developed and spread through trade.

First wave of Phoenician colonization where largely trading-posts are founded throughout the Mediterranean.

Decline of Byblos as the sister city of Tyre rises in prominence.

Death of Ahiram (or Ahirom) of Byblos, whose sarcophagus bears the oldest inscription of the Phoenician alphabet.

Second stage of Phoenician colonization where trading-posts become full colonies throughout the Mediterranean.

Conquest of the Levant by Alexander the Great who destroys Tyre.

Hellenistic Period in Byblos.

Byblos conquered by the Roman general Pompey the Great.

Byblos is a colony of the Roman Empire.

Byblos is a colony of the Byzantine Empire (formerly known as the Eastern Roman Empire).

Muslim invasion of the Levant. The Byzantines are driven out.

Muslim rule of Byblos and surrounding region. Byblos steadily declines through neglect.

Christian Crusaders invade Byblos.

Muslim rule restored in the region. Byblos continues to decline until it is forgotten.