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Eighth Crusade
Definition by Mark Cartwright

Eighth Crusade

The Eighth Crusade of 1270 CE was, like the Seventh Crusade (1248-1254 CE), led by the French king Louis IX (r. 1226-1270 CE). As previously, the idea was to attack and defeat the Muslims first in Egypt and then either reconquer or negotiate...
Ibn Battuta
Definition by Joshua J. Mark

Ibn Battuta

Ibn Battuta (l. 1304-1368/69) was a Moroccan explorer from Tangier whose expeditions took him further than any other traveler of his time and resulted in his famous work, The Rihla of Ibn Battuta. Scholar Douglas Bullis notes that “rihla”...
Carthaginian Society
Article by Mark Cartwright

Carthaginian Society

The society of Carthage was dominated by an aristocratic trading class who held all of the important political and religious positions, but below this strata was a cosmopolitan mix of artisans, labourers, mercenaries, slaves, and foreigners...
Death of Louis IX at Tunis, 1270 CE
Image by Jean Fouquet

Death of Louis IX at Tunis, 1270 CE

A 15th century CE painting depicting the death of French king Louis IX in 1270 CE during the Eighth Crusade at Tunis.
Jewish Mosaic of a Date Palm
Image by James Blake Wiener

Jewish Mosaic of a Date Palm

This mosaic was once part of the mosaic found in an ancient synagogue in what's present-day Tunisia. This specimen dates from c. 550 CE and is made of stone and mortar. The date palm likely symbolized the Tree of Knowledge of Good and Evil...
History of the Phoenicians: The Maritime Superpowers of the Mediterranean
Video by Kelly Macquire

History of the Phoenicians: The Maritime Superpowers of the Mediterranean

The Phoenicians were the maritime superpowers of the Mediterranean. Their culture flourished and was at its most powerful between 1500 and 332 BCE when Alexander the Great entered the region and decimated the cities and their populations...
Kairouan (UNESCO/NHK)
Video by UNESCO TV NHK Nippon Hoso Kyokai

Kairouan (UNESCO/NHK)

Founded in 670, Kairouan in present-day Tunisia flourished under the Aghlabid dynasty in the 9th century AD. Despite the transfer of the political capital to Tunis in the 12th century AD, Kairouan remained the Maghreb's principal holy city...
Archaeological Site of Carthage (UNESCO/NHK)
Video by UNESCO TV NHK Nippon Hoso Kyokai

Archaeological Site of Carthage (UNESCO/NHK)

Carthage was founded in the 9th century B.C. on the Gulf of Tunis. From the 6th century onwards, it developed into a great trading empire covering much of the Mediterranean and was home to a brilliant civilization. In the course of the long...
Carthage
Definition by Joshua J. Mark

Carthage

Carthage was a Phoenician city-state on the coast of North Africa (the site of modern-day Tunis) which, prior the conflict with Rome known as the Punic Wars (264-146 BCE), was the largest, most affluent, and powerful political entity in the...
Ottoman Empire
Definition by Syed Muhammad Khan

Ottoman Empire

The Ottoman Sultanate (1299-1922 as an empire; 1922-1924 as caliphate only), also referred to as the Ottoman Empire, written in Turkish as Osmanlı Devleti, was a Turkic imperial state that was conceived by and named after Osman (l. 1258-1326...
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