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Definition
Athenian Democracy
Athenian democracy refers to the system of democratic government used in Athens, Greece from the 5th to 4th century BCE. Under this system, all male citizens - the dēmos - had equal political rights, freedom of speech, and the opportunity...
Definition
Gandhara Civilization
The Gandhara Civilization existed in what is now Northern Pakistan and Afghanistan from the middle of the 1st millennium BCE to the beginning of the 2nd millennium CE. Although multiple major powers ruled over this area during that time...
Definition
White Huns (Hephthalites)
The White Huns were a race of largely nomadic peoples who were a part of the Hunnic tribes of Central Asia. They ruled over an expansive area stretching from the Central Asian lands all the way to the Western Indian Subcontinent. Although...
Definition
Taxila
When it comes to ancient history, Pakistan contains its fair share of treasures, one of the prominent of these being the ancient metropolis of Taxila. It is a city of the Gandharan civilization, sometimes known as one of its capitals, whose...
Definition
Katas Raj
The Katas Raj Temples near Chakwal in Punjab province of Pakistan are attributed to the eras of the Hindu Shahis (kings) dating from about 615-950 CE and are dedicated to Lord Shiva. As such they constitute one of the most important Hindu...
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The Rock-Cut Tombs of Qizqapan, Iraqi Kurdistan: Median or Achaemenid?
O Creator of the material world, at what distance from the holy man (should the place for the dead body be)?" Ahura Mazda replied: "Three paces from the holy man". (Vend. 8. 6-7) In September 2009 CE, one of my relatives...
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Statue of Qimi Bin Abdsamiyah
Qimi Bin Abdsamiyah was probably a musician and/or a singer at the 5th temple in Hatra. Her father was a wine seller. Although the statue is now headless, it is considered one of the finest and precious finds from Hatra; her attire is very...
Article
Harappa: An Overview of Harappan Architecture & Town Planning
Harappa is a large village presently in the province of Punjab in Pakistan. The modern town is a part of and lies next to the ancient city. The site of Harappa is important in that it has provided proof of not just the Indus Valley Civilization...
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Coin of Muhammad Bin Tughluq
A gold coin of Muhammad Bin Tughluq, Sultan of the Delhi sultanate in India. (r.1325-1351).
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The Bal'am Text from Deir Alla
This is a detail of the so-called "Bal'am Text" (also Balaam Inscription) which was discovered in 1967 CE at Tell Deir Alla, in modern-day Balqa Governorate, Jordan. It was written in around 800 BCE. It was written in black and red ink on...