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![Pine Tree Shilling](https://www.worldhistory.org/img/c/p/360x202/13855.jpg?v=1618912612)
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Pine Tree Shilling
The silver "pine tree" shilling minted in the Massachusetts Bay Colony by John Hull in 1652.
![Five Shillings from Colonial Delaware](https://www.worldhistory.org/img/c/p/360x202/13854.jpeg?v=1618728743)
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Five Shillings from Colonial Delaware
A Delaware bill worth five shillings. The bottom caption reads: "To Counterfeit is Death". Minted in Delaware by James Adam (1724-1792 CE) under the authority of George III of Great Britain and Ireland (r. 1760–1820 CE). Collection of the...
![Inca Textiles](https://www.worldhistory.org/img/c/p/360x202/3558.jpg?v=1618746302)
Article
Inca Textiles
For the Incas finely worked and highly decorative textiles came to symbolize both wealth and status, fine cloth could be used as both a tax and currency, and the very best textiles became amongst the most prized of all possessions, even more...
![The Invention of the First Coinage in Ancient Lydia](https://www.worldhistory.org/img/c/p/360x202/6770.jpg?v=1647881463)
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The Invention of the First Coinage in Ancient Lydia
Money may take many forms, from the digital code of cryptocurrency to the woodpecker scalps favoured in early California. People have also used cattle, cacao beans, cowrie shells, chewing gum, grain, and giant stones as money. Early cultures...
![Trade in Ancient Celtic Europe](https://www.worldhistory.org/img/c/p/360x202/13524.png?v=1705979884)
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Trade in Ancient Celtic Europe
Trade in raw materials and manufactured goods in ancient Celtic Europe was vibrant and far-reaching, particularly regarding the centre of the continent where there was a hub of well-established trade routes. As the Celts' territory expanded...
![Achaemenid Kings List & Commentary](https://www.worldhistory.org/img/c/p/360x202/11957.jpg?v=1700100363)
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Achaemenid Kings List & Commentary
The Achaemenid Empire (c. 550-330 BCE) was the first great Persian political entity in Western and Central Asia which stretched, at its peak, from Asia Minor to the Indus Valley and Mesopotamia through Egypt. It was founded by Cyrus II (the...
![Enemies of Rome in the 3rd Century CE](https://www.worldhistory.org/img/c/p/360x202/7572.jpg?v=1694688903)
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Enemies of Rome in the 3rd Century CE
It has been said that the greatest enemy of Rome was Rome itself, and this is certainly true of the period known as the Crisis of the Third Century (also known as the Imperial Crisis, 235-284 CE). During this time of almost 50 years, over...
![The Currency of Empire: Money and Power in Seventeenth-Century English America](https://m.media-amazon.com/images/I/51eHbVeHg2S._SL160_.jpg)
Book Review
The Currency of Empire: Money and Power in Seventeenth-Century English America
Jonathan Barth argues that England expanded its empire overseas throughout the 1600s in order to collect precious metals and wealth. Barth’s thesis is that colonists tolerated economic subordination to England as long as they had political...
![Inca Civilization](https://www.worldhistory.org/img/c/p/360x202/2331.jpg?v=1715697544)
Definition
Inca Civilization
The Inca civilization flourished in ancient Peru between c. 1400 and 1533 CE. The Inca Empire eventually extended across western South America from Quito in the north to Santiago in the south. It was the largest empire ever seen in the Americas...
![French Revolution](https://www.worldhistory.org/img/c/p/360x202/16013.jpg?v=1715537883)
Definition
French Revolution
The French Revolution (1789-1799) was a period of major societal and political upheaval in France. It witnessed the collapse of the monarchy, the establishment of the First French Republic, and culminated in the rise of Napoleon Bonaparte...