Illustration
This map illustrates the course of the Civil War between Julius Caesar and Pompey (49–45 BCE), a defining moment in Roman history that marked the collapse of the Republic and the emergence of autocratic rule. Triggered by Caesar’s defiance of the Senate, the conflict spread across the Mediterranean world in a brutal struggle for power.
What began as a constitutional crisis rapidly escalated into full-scale war, engulfing Italy, Greece, Egypt, North Africa, and Spain. Caesar, claiming to defend his rights and dignity, clashed with Pompey and the senatorial elite. Beneath the military campaigns lay deeper tensions—personal rivalries, institutional decay, and the failure of political compromise. The war ended with Caesar’s decisive victory at Munda in 45 BCE, but his triumph was short-lived. Within a year, he was assassinated by senators seeking to restore the Republic—an act that only hastened its end and cleared the path for the rise of Augustus and the Roman Empire.
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APA Style
Netchev, S. (2022, May 06). Map of the Roman Civil War (49 - 45 BCE). World History Encyclopedia. Retrieved from https://www.worldhistory.org/image/15773/map-of-the-roman-civil-war-49---45-bce/
Chicago Style
Netchev, Simeon. "Map of the Roman Civil War (49 - 45 BCE)." World History Encyclopedia. Last modified May 06, 2022. https://www.worldhistory.org/image/15773/map-of-the-roman-civil-war-49---45-bce/.
MLA Style
Netchev, Simeon. "Map of the Roman Civil War (49 - 45 BCE)." World History Encyclopedia. World History Encyclopedia, 06 May 2022, https://www.worldhistory.org/image/15773/map-of-the-roman-civil-war-49---45-bce/. Web. 19 Jun 2025.