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Second Continental Congress
Definition by Harrison W. Mark

Second Continental Congress

The Second Continental Congress was the body of delegates that governed the Thirteen Colonies and, later, the United States during the American Revolutionary War. Between its first session in May 1775 and its disbandment in March 1781, the...
First Continental Congress
Definition by Harrison W. Mark

First Continental Congress

The First Continental Congress was a meeting of delegates from twelve of the Thirteen Colonies of British North America that gathered in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, from 5 September to 26 October 1774. Its primary purpose was to coordinate...
The Tempest
Definition by Harrison W. Mark

The Tempest - Shakespeare's Magical Tragicomedy

The Tempest is a play by William Shakespeare (c. 1564-1616), written in 1610 or 1611, and first performed for the court of James I of England (r. 1603-1625) on 2 November 1611. Believed to be the last play that Shakespeare wrote on his own...
Jacob
Definition by Rebecca Denova

Jacob

Jacob is one of the patriarchs of ancient Judaism and the father of who became the twelve tribes of Israel. His story is told in Genesis 25-50. His Hebrew name is derived from Ya-aqob ("to supplant" or "circumvent") and is constructed from...
Poppaea Sabina
Definition by Donald L. Wasson

Poppaea Sabina

Poppaea Sabina (30-65 CE) was the wife of Praetorian prefect Rufrius Crispinius and then Marcus Salvius Otho (r. 69 CE) before she became the second wife of Roman emperor Nero (r. 54-68 CE). Considered by ancient sources both attractive and...
12 Great Cities of Ancient Mesopotamia
Article by Joshua J. Mark

12 Great Cities of Ancient Mesopotamia - The Rise and Fall of the Earliest Cities in the World

The great cities of Mesopotamia ("the land between two rivers") developed prior to the late 4th millennium BCE along two rivers – the Tigris and Euphrates – and were fully established by the Early Dynastic period (circa 2900 to circa 2350/2334...
Festivals in Ancient Mesopotamia
Article by Joshua J. Mark

Festivals in Ancient Mesopotamia - Courting the Goodwill of the Gods

Festivals in ancient Mesopotamia honored the patron deity of a city-state or the primary god of the city that controlled a region or empire. The earliest, the Akitu festival, was first observed in Sumer in the Early Dynastic period (circa...
Battles of Lexington and Concord
Article by Harrison W. Mark

Battles of Lexington and Concord

The Battles of Lexington and Concord were engagements fought between British regular soldiers and militia from the colony of Massachusetts on 19 April 1775. The British troops were on their way to seize military supplies stored in the town...
Battle of Austerlitz
Article by Harrison W. Mark

Battle of Austerlitz

The Battle of Austerlitz (2 December 1805), or the Battle of the Three Emperors, was one of the most significant battles of the Napoleonic Wars (1803-1815). It saw French Emperor Napoleon I (r. 1804-1814; 1815) and his Grande Armée decisively...
Fall of the Girondins
Article by Harrison W. Mark

Fall of the Girondins

The fall of the Girondins, which occurred during the Paris insurrections of 31 May-2 June 1793, marked the end of a bitter power struggle between the Girondins and the Mountain during the French Revolution (1789-99). It was significant for...
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