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The Columbian Exchange - Global Connections and Consequences after 1492
The Columbian Exchange (from 1492 CE) refers to the large-scale transfer of plants, animals, diseases, peoples, and technologies between the Americas and Afro-Eurasia following the transatlantic...
Article
North Africa’s Place in the Mediterranean Economy of Late Antiquity
The Mediterranean Sea was the economic focal point of the Roman Empire. Rome's armies first established an empire across these waters beginning back in the times of the Roman Republic...
Article
7 Ancient Sites in Georgia
Georgia, lying at the junction of Europe and Asia, is a country of ancient myths with a rich and turbulent history. Home to the first European hominids and the birthplace of wine, Georgia's roots trace back to ancient...
Video
Trade in Ancient Greece
In the video below, Museum of Fine Arts curator Phoebe Segal explains how ancient coins tell us about the trade routes and economic patterns of their time. For more CitiesX content, sign-up for the course on edX: https://www.edx.org/course/citiesx-past-present-future-urban-life-harvardx-urban101x...
Definition
Caravel
The caravel (caravela in Spanish and Portuguese), was a type of medium-sized ship which, with its low draught and lateen or triangular sails, made it ideal for exploration from the 15th century onwards. Fast, manoeuvrable, and only needing...
Definition
Sundiata Keita
Sundiata Keita (aka Sunjaata or Sundjata, r. 1230-1255) was the founder of the Mali Empire (1240-1645) in West Africa. A prince of the Malinke tribe, Sundiata would not only overthrow the rule of the kingdom of Sosso (c. 1180-1235...
Article
Slavery in Colonial America
Slavery in Colonial America, defined as white English settlers enslaving Africans, began in 1640 in the Jamestown Colony of Virginia but had already been embraced as policy prior to that date with the enslavement and...
Article
The Portuguese Colonization of São Tomé and Principe
São Tomé and Principe are islands located in the Gulf of Guinea in West Africa. They were uninhabited before being colonised by the Portuguese from 1486. So involved were they with the slave trade...
Definition
Scramble for Africa - How European Empires Took Over a Continent
The Scramble for Africa describes the competition between European imperial powers to first control trade and then territory in Africa in the final two decades of the 19th century. The reasons...
Definition
Birka
Birka, located on the island of Björkö in present-day Sweden, was an important trading center and strongly fortified town in the Viking Age which flourished from the 8th through the 10th centuries CE. Along with the town of Hedeby which...