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The Columbian Exchange
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The Columbian Exchange - Global Connections and Consequences after 1492

The Columbian Exchange (from 1492 CE) refers to the large-scale transfer of plants, animals, diseases, peoples, and technologies between the Americas and Afro-Eurasia following the transatlantic...
North Africa’s Place in the Mediterranean Economy of Late Antiquity
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North Africa’s Place in the Mediterranean Economy of Late Antiquity

The Mediterranean Sea was the economic focal point of the Roman Empire. Rome's armies first established an empire across these waters beginning back in the times of the Roman Republic...
7 Ancient Sites in Georgia
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7 Ancient Sites in Georgia

Georgia, lying at the junction of Europe and Asia, is a country of ancient myths with a rich and turbulent history. Home to the first European hominids and the birthplace of wine, Georgia's roots trace back to ancient...
Trade in Ancient Greece
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Trade in Ancient Greece

In the video below, Museum of Fine Arts curator Phoebe Segal explains how ancient coins tell us about the trade routes and economic patterns of their time. For more CitiesX content, sign-up for the course on edX: https://www.edx.org/course/citiesx-past-present-future-urban-life-harvardx-urban101x...
Caravel
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Caravel

The caravel (caravela in Spanish and Portuguese), was a type of medium-sized ship which, with its low draught and lateen or triangular sails, made it ideal for exploration from the 15th century onwards. Fast, manoeuvrable, and only needing...
Sundiata Keita
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Sundiata Keita

Sundiata Keita (aka Sunjaata or Sundjata, r. 1230-1255) was the founder of the Mali Empire (1240-1645) in West Africa. A prince of the Malinke tribe, Sundiata would not only overthrow the rule of the kingdom of Sosso (c. 1180-1235...
Slavery in Colonial America
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Slavery in Colonial America

Slavery in Colonial America, defined as white English settlers enslaving Africans, began in 1640 in the Jamestown Colony of Virginia but had already been embraced as policy prior to that date with the enslavement and...
The Portuguese Colonization of São Tomé and Principe
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The Portuguese Colonization of São Tomé and Principe

São Tomé and Principe are islands located in the Gulf of Guinea in West Africa. They were uninhabited before being colonised by the Portuguese from 1486. So involved were they with the slave trade...
Scramble for Africa
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Scramble for Africa - How European Empires Took Over a Continent

The Scramble for Africa describes the competition between European imperial powers to first control trade and then territory in Africa in the final two decades of the 19th century. The reasons...
Birka
Definition

Birka

Birka, located on the island of Björkö in present-day Sweden, was an important trading center and strongly fortified town in the Viking Age which flourished from the 8th through the 10th centuries CE. Along with the town of Hedeby which...
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