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Peace of Westphalia
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Peace of Westphalia

The Peace of Westphalia, the name given to the multiple treaties, marked the conclusion of the Thirty Years' War. Signed on 24 October 1648, it aimed to secure political autonomy for the multitude of small states that made...
The Roman Toga
Article

The Roman Toga

The toga was an item of clothing worn by men who were citizens of Rome. The toga consisted of a single length of wool cloth cut in a semicircle and wrapped around the body of the wearer without any fastenings. The Roman toga was...
Side View of Garni Temple in Armenia
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Side View of Garni Temple in Armenia

A side view of Garni Temple in Armenia with its eight ionic columns. The Temple of Garni was built around 77 CE in Greco-Roman style.
Temple of Diana, Augusta Emerita
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Temple of Diana, Augusta Emerita

Near the decumanus of the Roman town of Augusta Emerita (modern-day Mérida in Spain) some parts of a temple, erroneously assigned to the goddess Diana on its discovery, have been incorporated into a 16th century palace...
Juba II
Definition

Juba II

Juba II (c. 48 BCE - 23 CE) was a Numidian prince and the king of Mauretania from c. 25 BCE until his death in 23 CE. He was raised in the household of Julius Caesar (c. 100-44 BCE) and married Cleopatra Selene II (40 - c. 17/5 BCE...
How the Ancient Roman Government Worked
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How the Ancient Roman Government Worked

Western Civilization is forever indebted to the people of ancient Greece and Rome. Among the numerous contributions these societies made are in the fields of art, literature and philosophy; however, perhaps...
Punic Wars
Definition

Punic Wars

The Punic Wars were a series of conflicts fought between Carthage and Rome between 264 BCE and 146 BCE. The name Punic comes from the word Phoenician (Phoinix in the Greek, Poenus from Punicus in Latin) as applied to the citizens...
Social War
Definition

Social War

The Social War (also called the Marsi War or the War of the Allies) of 91-87 BCE was the result of decades of contention between Rome and its Italian allies. Roman warfare relied heavily on the Italian allies (socii), but the Roman...
Temple of Vesta, Rome
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Temple of Vesta, Rome

The 1st century BCE circular temple of Vesta (or Hercules), by the Tiber in Rome. The unusually tall Corinthian columns of Pentelic marble would once have been topped by an entablature. The present roof is a later addition...
Battle of Teutoburg Forest
Article

Battle of Teutoburg Forest

At the Battle of Teutoburg Forest (aka Battle of Varus), c. 9 CE, a combined force of Germans annihilated a Roman army consisting of three legions including three squadrons of cavalry and six cohorts of auxiliary troops...
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