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Caesarea Maritima
Definition

Caesarea Maritima

Caesarea Maritima was a city built over 2,000 years ago (c. 22-10 BCE) on the coast of the Eastern Mediterranean. With Roman engineering and largesse, Herod the Great (r. 37-4 BCE) accomplished this feat by constructing a whole...
Adolf Eichmann
Definition

Adolf Eichmann - The Notorious Nazi War Criminal

Adolf Eichmann (1906-1962), a lieutenant-colonel in the Nazi SS, was responsible for organising the transportation of Jewish people and other victims of Nazism to concentration, labour, and death camps...
Carthaginian Warfare
Definition

Carthaginian Warfare

Carthaginian warfare has been overshadowed by defeat to Rome in the Punic Wars, but for six centuries before that Carthage was remarkably successful in conquering lucrative territories in North Africa, the Iberian Peninsula...
Map of the Silk Road During the Late 8th Century
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Map of the Silk Road During the Late 8th Century

In the late 8th century CE, the interconnected caravan routes later termed the “Silk Road” formed a transcontinental system linking East Asia, Central Asia, the Islamic world, and parts of Europe. The...
Map of the Spread of the Black Death, c. 1346–1353
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Map of the Spread of the Black Death, c. 1346–1353 - Trade, Transmission & the Second Plague Pandemic

The Black Death was the catastrophic first great wave of the Second Plague Pandemic, caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis. Ancient DNA links its pandemic lineage...
The Spice Trade & the Age of Exploration
Article

The Spice Trade & the Age of Exploration

One of the major motivating factors in the European Age of Exploration was the search for direct access to the highly lucrative Eastern spice trade. In the 15th century, spices came to Europe via the Middle...
Ming Taxation & the Silver Economy
Article

Ming Taxation & the Silver Economy

The rulers of China's Ming dynasty (1368-1644) acquired an insatiable desire for silver in the 16th century, largely to pay for huge prestige projects like building the Forbidden City in Beijing and repairing the...
Map of Marco Polo’s Travels, 1271 - 1295
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Map of Marco Polo’s Travels, 1271 - 1295

Marco Polo’s travels (1271–1295) represent one of the most famous European journeys into Asia during the late Middle Ages. Setting out from Venice with his father Niccolò and uncle Maffeo, Polo crossed through...
Map of the Trade Networks in the Middle Ages, c. 1200
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Map of the Trade Networks in the Middle Ages, c. 1200

By the early 13th century (c. 1200 CE), long-distance trade networks across Eurasia and the Mediterranean had regained a level of interconnectivity not seen since late antiquity. After the political...
The Railways in the British Industrial Revolution
Article

The Railways in the British Industrial Revolution

The railways were perhaps the most visible element of the Industrial Revolution for many. Trains powered by steam engines carried goods and people faster than ever before and reached new destinations...
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